BLS

Life saving basic life support steps for adult victims

1. BLS FOR ADULT VICTIMS
DR. Hina Vaish (PT)

2. INTRODUCTION
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a series of lifesaving

actions that
improve the chance of survival following cardiac

arrest.



Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiac care (CPR-ECC)
should be considered any time an individual cannot adequately oxygenate
or perfuse vital organs–not only following cardiac or respiratory arrest

3. CARDIAC ARREST ?
CAUSES PRESENTATION
Myocardial infarction
Stroke
Electrocution
Drowning
Choking
Trauma
Drug overdosage
Poisoning
In hospital SCA
Out of hospital SCA
Witnessed arrrest
Unwitnessed arrest

Sudden stopping of the pumping
action of the heart

Unconscious
Major pulse absent


SCA and VF- electrocution /MI
Asphyxia
drowning / drug overdose in
majority of children

4. KEY PRINCIPLES IN RESUSCITATION: STRENGTHENING THE
LINKS IN THE CHAIN OF SURVIVAL

•Immediate recognition of cardiac

arrest and activation of
the

emergency response system



•Early

CPR with an emphasis on chest compressions



•Rapid defibrillation



•Effective advanced life support



•Integrated post–cardiac

arrest care

•Recovery

5. BLS
(BASIC LIFE SUPPORT)

6. PURPOSE OF BLS
To maintain respiration
and circulation till
expert help arrives
Failure of circulation for
3 to 4 minutes leads to
irreversible brain
damage
Emphasis on rapid and
high quality BLS

7. RECOGNITION OF ARREST

1
Your Actions
2
Victim’s Responses


3
Your assessments

SAFETY First
SHAKE on shoulders and SHOUT
Hey ?Are You all right?
The health care provider should
also check

for no breathing or no
normal breathing (ie, only gasping)
while

checking for responsiveness;
What is the response of the victim to
your action?

8. TECHNIQUE: CHEST COMPRESSIONS
place the victim on a firm surface when
possible, in a supine position with the rescuer
kneeling/standing beside pt.
Incomplete recoil during BLS CPR is associated
with higher intrathoracic pressures and
significantly decreased hemodynamics,
including decreased coronary perfusion, cardiac
index, myocardial blood flow, and cerebral
perfusion.
The number of chest compressions/min is an
important determinant of ROSC and
neurologically intact survival. (100-120/min
recommended)

minimization of hands-off time
The depth of compression should be atleast 5
cm.

9. MANAGING THE AIRWAY

head tilt–chin lift maneuver to
open the airway of a victim with no
evidence of head or neck trauma.
If suspect a cervical spine injury,
open the airway using a jaw thrust
without head extension.

10. RESCUE BREATHING
Deliver each rescue breath over 1 second
Give a sufficient tidal volume to produce visible chest
rise ie one breath over one second
Use a compression to ventilation ratio of 30 chest
compressions to 2 ventilations. Inadults
When an advanced airway (ie, ETT, Combitube, or
LMA) is in place during 2-person CPR, give 1 breath
every 6 seconds without attempting to synchronize
breaths between compressions
. There should be no pause in chest compressions for
delivery of ventilations
Excessive ventilation can cause gastric inflation
results regurgitation and aspiration . It increases
intrathoracic pressure, decreases venous return to
the heart, and diminishes cardiac output and survival

11. AED DEFIBRILLATION
VF is a common and treatable initial rhythm in adults with witnessed
cardiac arrest.
 For victims with VF, survival rates are highest when immediate bystander
CPR is provided and defibrillation occurs within 3 to 5 minutes of collapse
Performing chest compressions while another rescuer retrieves and
charges a defibrillator improves the probability of survival
When using an AED, rescuers should deliver 1 shock followed by
immediate CPR, beginning with chest compressions.

12. AED DEFIBRILLATION
After about 5 cycles of CPR the AED should then analyze the cardiac rhythm
and deliver another shock if indicated
 If a nonshockable rhythm is detected, the AED should instruct the rescuer
to resume CPR immediately, beginning with chest compressions

14. THANKS….