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1. Energetics METABOLIC RATE & BASIC METABOLIC RATE (BMR)

2. Metabolic Rate refers to how fast the body converts food into energy for the body to perform different functions

3. Factors affecting BMR 1.Surface area : directly proportional to surface area 2.Sex: men have marginally higher BMR (5%) 3.Age : in infants and growing children BMR is higher. In adults BMR decreases at the rate of 2% per decade of life 4. Physical activity : increase with regular exercise 5.Hormones : Thyroid hormones increase BMR. Epinephrine, cortisol , sex hormones and growth hormone hormones increase BMR

4. 6.Environment : BMR is higher in cold climates compared to warm climates 7.Starvation : during starvation a decrease in BMR up to 50% has been reported 8. Fever : fever increases BMR. 10% increase for every 1⁰C rise in body temperature 9. Disease status : BMR is elevated in infections, leukemia , cardiac failure hypertension etc.

5. BMR-Introduction Food is the fuel source of the body, the ingested food undergoes metabolism to liberate energy required for the vital activities of the body .

6. BMR-Definition BMR is minimum amount of energy required by the body to maintain life at complete physical and mental rest in post absorptive state. Several functions within the body occurs at basal condition Working of heart and other organs Conduction of nerve impulse Reabsorption by renal tubules Gi motility Ion transport across membranes

7. Measurement of BMR formula

8. Normal values of BMR Adult man: 35-38 cal/ sq.m /hr or 1600cal/day Adult woman: 32-35 cal/ sqm /hr or 1400cal/day A BMR value between -15% and +20% is considered normal

9. Body fats 2 Categories 1. Essential fat – needed for normal and healthy functioning of the body 2. Storage fat – a fat accumulation in the adipose tissue - used to protect our internal organs from injury

10. How much energy is spent by a typical student who walks at a moderate speed from his dormitory to his school and from his school back to his dormitory for 1 hour, sits in his class and takes down notes for 4 hours, and sleeps for 6 hours. Assume that his mass is 65 kg.

11. Suppose that the breakfast of a typical 65 kg adult gives 1.85x10^5 J of energy. how long does he have to do push ups to burn at least 50 percent of this energy? A. what is power? B. what is basal metabolic rate?

12. Mass 𝑚=65  kgm 1 MET=1 kcal/kg/hr 1 kcal=4184 J 3600 s=1 hr

13. Problem 1 Scenario: Lunch provides 2.50×10^5 J. How long to burn 30% of this energy by jogging (7 METs) ?

14. Thank you…!