BMR of metabolism

BMR is the required an awake individual during physical, emotional and digestive rest.

1. Metabolism of BMRMetabolism of BMR
M.Prasad Naidu
MSc Medical Biochemistry,
Ph.D.Research Scholar

2. 1.Cellular respiration
2.Fermentation
3.Metabolism
4.BMR

3. Carbohydrate MetabolismCarbohydrate Metabolism
The body’s preferred source to produce cellular
energy (ATP)
Glucose (blood sugar) is the major digestive
product and serves as fuel to make ATP
Figure 14.17

4. Figure 14.18
Metabolic Pathways Involved in Metabolic Pathways Involved in
Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration

5. Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by
oxidizing glucose to pyruvic acidoxidizing glucose to pyruvic acid
Figure 6.9A
Glucose Pyruvic
acid
Energy yield: 2 ATP and 2 NADH

6. Pyruvic acid is altered for the citric Pyruvic acid is altered for the citric
acid cycleacid cycle
Figure 6.10
Pyruvic
acid
CO
2
Acetyl CoA
(acetyl coenzyme A)

7. The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation
of organic fuelof organic fuel
enzymes convert
acetyl to CO
2
and
generate NADH
and FADH
2

molecules
Figure 6.11A
Acetyl CoA
CITRIC ACID
CYCLE
2
CO
2

8. Steps in the Electron Transport Steps in the Electron Transport
SystemSystem
Figure 3.28
1. Set up H
+
gradient using energy of e- from NADH, FADH2
2. Downhill flow of H
+
is used to make ATP

9. cell
inner
membrane
outer
membrane
mitochondrion

10. An overview of cellular respiration
Figure 6.8
High-energy electrons
carried by NADH
GLYCOLYSIS
Glucose Pyruvic
acid
CITRIC
ACID
CYCLE
ELECTRON
TRANSPORT CHAIN
AND CHEMIOSMOSIS
Mitochondrion
Cytoplasmic
fluid

11. Fermentation is an anaerobic alternative to Fermentation is an anaerobic alternative to
aerobic respirationaerobic respiration
Without oxygen, cells can use glycolysis alone to produce small
amounts of ATP
◦But a cell must replenish NAD+
Glucose Pyruvic
acid

12. In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvic acid is converted to
lactic acid
–NAD
+
is recycled
•Contributes to muscle soreness
GLYCOLYSIS
2 Pyruvic
acid
2 Lactic
acidGlucose
Figure 6.15B

13. Pathways of molecular breakdown
Figure 6.16
Food, such as
peanuts
Polysaccharides Fats Proteins
Sugars GlycerolFatty acids Amino acids
Amino
groups
Glucose G3P
Pyruvic
acid
GLYCOLYSIS
Acetyl
CoA
CITRIC
ACIDS
CYCLE
ELECTRON
TRANSPORT CHAIN
AND CHEMIOSMOSIS

14. Biosynthesis of macromolecules from
intermediates in cellular respiration
Figure 6.17
ATP needed to
drive biosynthesis
PolyscaccharidesFatsProteins
CITRIC
ACID
CYCLE
Acetyl
CoA
Pyruvic
acid
G3P Glucose
GLUCOSE SYNTHESIS
Amino
groups
Amino acids Fatty acidsGlycerol Sugars
Cells, tissues, organisms

15. Body Energy BalanceBody Energy Balance
Energy intake = total energy output (heat + work +
energy storage)
◦Energy intake from food oxidation
Proteins, carbs have 4 Cal/gm
Fats have 9 Cal/gm
◦Energy output
Heat is usually about 60%
Storage energy is in the form of fat or glycogen

16. Regulation of Food IntakeRegulation of Food Intake
Body weight is usually relatively stable
◦Energy intake and output remain about equal
Mechanisms that may regulate food intake
◦Levels of nutrients in the blood
◦Hormones: leptin, ghrelin
◦Body temperature
◦Psychological factors

17. Metabolic Rate and Body Heat ProductionMetabolic Rate and Body Heat Production
Basic metabolic rate (BMR) reflects the amount
of energy spent per unit of time by a body at rest
Factors that influence BMR:
◦Body shape (height and weight), gender,
body composition, age, stress,
food intake, genetics
TMR = Total Metabolic Rate
◦Total energy spent, includes activity above BMR

18. Estimation of BMREstimation of BMR
Johnson: your weight in kg (# lbs/2.2) x 24 (x
0.9 if female) = Calories per day
Your weight in kg (# lbs/2.2) x % lean mass
males usually 82-88%
females usually 75-82%
Then check table (next slide)

19. ESTIMATION OF RESTING METABOLIC RATE (RMR)
BASED ON FAT-FREE BODY MASS (FFM)
FFM RMR FFM RMR FFM RMR
(kg) (kcal) (kg) (kcal) (kg) (kcal)
30 1018 58 1623 86 2228
31 1040 59 1644 87 2249
32 1061 60 1666 88 2271
33 1083 61 1688 89 2299
34 1104 62 1709 90 2314
35 1126 63 1731 91 2336
36 1148 64 1752 92 2357
37 1169 65 1774 93 2379
38 1191 66 1796 94 2400
39 1212 67 1817 95 2422
40 1234 68 1839 96 2444
41 1256 69 1860 97 2465
42 1277 70 1882 98 2487
43 1299 71 1904 99 2508
44 1320 72 1925 100 2530
45 1342 73 1947 101 2552
46 1364 74 1968 102 2373
47 1385 75 1990 103 2595
48 1407 76 2012 104 2616
49 1428 77 2033 105 2638
50 1450 78 2055 106 2660
51 1472 79 2076 107 2681
52 1493 80 2098 106 2703
53 1515 81 2120 109 2724
54 1536 82 2141 110 2746
55 1558 83 2163 111 2768
56 1580 84 2184 112 2789
57 1601 85 2206 113 2811