BMW.pptx

WASTE MANAGEMENT PROCESS AND INFECTION PREVENTION-Biomedical waste management is a systematic process .
Depending on the category of waste, according to the policy and planning of BMWM of a healthcare setting-the treatment, destruction and disposal method, many methods are adopted to treat and destroy or dispose of BMW-onsite or offsite.
Disinfection-The aim of disinfection is to eliminate microorganisms or at least reduce their numbers to a satisfactory level.
Chemical treatment: The types of chemicals used for disinfection of health-care waste are mostly aldehydes, chlorine compounds, sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide, ammonium salts and phenolic compounds.
On-Site Biomedical Waste Disposal
Autoclave:
Microbiological and biotechnological waste, waste sharps, soiled and solid wastes are treated in an autoclave.
It is ideal for treating all infectious waste (except anatomical and cytotoxic waste) even bulk liquid and pathological.
Hydroclave- It is an advanced autoclave with consistently high sterility and much more uniform heat penetration.
Microwave treatment: Microwave of the frequency of about 2450 MHz are used to decontaminate medical waste.
The waste to be treated must be humid as in presence of moisture, microwaves penetrate and sterilize the material.

1. Definition Hospital waste: refers to waste, biological or non biological, that is discarded and is not intended for further use M ed i cal was te : refers to materials generated as a result of patient diagnoses, treatment, immunization of human bei ngs or

2. WASTE MANAGEMENT PROCESS AND INFECTION PREVENTION Biomedical waste management is a systematic process . Depending on the category of waste, according to the policy and planning of BMWM of a healthcare setting-the treatment, destruction and disposal method, many methods are adopted to treat and destroy or dispose of BMW-onsite or offsite.

3. Disinfection of Waste in BMW The aim of disinfection is to eliminate microorganisms or at least reduce their numbers to a satisfactory level. Chemical treatment : The types of chemicals used for disinfection of health-care waste are mostly aldehydes , chlorine compounds, sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide, ammonium salts and phenolic compounds.

4. On-Site Biomedical Waste Disposal Autoclave: Microbiological and biotechnological waste, waste sharps, soiled and solid wastes are treated in an autoclave.

5. Hydroclave It is ideal for treating all infectious waste (except anatomical and cytotoxic waste) even bulk liquid and pathological. It is an advanced autoclave with consistently high sterility and much more uniform heat penetration.

6. Microwave treatment: Microwave of the frequency of about 2450 MHz are used to decontaminate medical waste. The waste to be treated must be humid as in presence of moisture , microwaves penetrate and sterilize the material.

7. Off-site Biomedical Waste Disposal Deep burial : Materials after chemical disinfection are put in deep trenches in uninhabited land covered with lime and filled with soil. This is a safe method for disposal of sharps also.

8. Incineration: The incinerator subjects solid wastes to a very high heat and converts them to ash which reduces the volume of wastes about a tenth of their original volume. However, it is expensive and is generally used by very large establishments. It is the safe method of treating solid infectious wastes, such as anatomical waste and amputated limbs, animals carcasses.

9. LANDFILLING A hospital with a bed strength of 100 may require a landfill site of 500 to 600 cu ft. The essential features of operation of sanitary land filling are: i ) That all the waste are completely pushed into the landfill without getting opened up. ii)Enough earth and hay is put to cover the entire waste so that stray animals do not pick the waste iii) Frequent spray of the insecticide is done

10. PLASMA TORCH TECHNOLOGY PTT consists of using a flame at about 6000 C, hotter than the surface of the Sun to turn everything that is touches into fourth state of matter, i.e. plasma which is an ionized gas.

11. INERTIZATION In this, the waste is mixed with other substances like cement, lime and water, in the ratio of 65, 15, and 5 %, before disposal so that the risk of toxic substances migrating into the surface water or ground water is minimized. A homogenous mass is formed and then transported to suitable sites.

12. STAFF PRECAUTIONS Assume that all patients and specimens are a potential source of infections, like HIV, HBV and other blood-borne microorganisms. There should not be leakage while storing body fluids and blood samples. Care must be taken to place these in leak- proof impervious bag or containers for transportation to the labs from the site of collection.

13. Cont.. Use gloves (bright yellow in color) while handling blood, body fluids and other suspected infectious samples. To avoid splashes or spattering use face masks, gloves and goggles. After handling the waste, the gloves should be washed twice. The gloves should be washed after every use with carbolic soap and a disinfectant. The size should fit the operator.

14. Cont.. The personal protective equipment like laboratory coat should be worn by the person handling specimens. The laboratory coat should not be taken out of the laboratory. It is mandatory for personnel working in the incinerator chamber to wear a mask covering both nose and mouth, preferably a gas mask with filters.

15. CONT.. Leg coverings, boots or shoe-covers provide greater protection to the skin when splashes or large quantities of infected waste have to be handled. The boots should be rubber-soled and anti-skid type. They should cover the leg up to the ankle.

16. Cont.. After finishing the procedures and experiments with laboratory samples, decontaminate the surfaces with an appropriate disinfectant. Limit use of needles and syringes to situations for which there is no alternative left. Before sending contaminated material of the labs for disposal or reprocessing, it should be decontaminated. Wash hands after completing lab work and remove PPE before leaving the laboratory.

17. LAUNDRY MANAGEMENT PROCESS AND INFECTION CONTROL AND PREVENTION Laundry in a health care facility may include bed sheets and blankets, towels, personal clothing, patient apparel, uniforms, scrub suits, gowns, and drapes for surgical procedures. Although, contaminated textiles and fabrics in health care facilities can be a source of substantial numbers of pathogenic microorganisms, reports of health care associated diseases linked to contaminated fabrics are so few in number that the overall risk of disease transmission during the laundry process likely is negligible.

18. When the incidence of such events are evaluated in the context of the volume of items laundered in health care settings, existing control measures (e.g., standard precautions) are effective in reducing the risk of disease transmission to patients and staff. The purpose of the laundry portion of the standard is to protect the worker from exposure to potentially infectious materials during collection, handling, and sorting of contaminated textiles through the use of personal protective equipment, proper work practices, containment, labeling, hazard communication, and ergonomics.

19. Laundry facility is usually partitioned into two separate areas-a "dirty" area for receiving and handling the soiled laundry and a "clean" area for processing the washed items. Laundry areas should have handwashing facilities readily available to workers. Laundry workers should wear appropriate personal protective equipment ( e.g , gloves and protective garments) while sorting soiled fabrics and textiles. Laundry equipment should be used and maintained according to the manufacturer's instructions to prevent microbial contamination of the system.

20. BMW NATIONAL GUIDELINES 2017 The management of BMW is a crucial challenge faced by all hospitals. With expansion of healthcare facilities as well as the recent trend of using disposables there has been increase in burden of health care-related waste..

21. Disposal of Biomedical Waste The BMW is disposed according to the segregation

22. Segregation of Waste Depending on the categories of BMW, specific color coded containers are used for proper segregation and storage of wastes for further appropriate treatment and disposal. The waste is collected in puncture proof containers. Before sending the waste for treatment it should be minimized in volume (reduction, recycle and reuse).

23. Recommendations for keeping BMW are as follows: Storage area should:. Be impermeable with drainage and hard floor. Have water supply to clean. Have easy access for waste collection vehicle Be protected from sun. Be non-reachable to wild animals, insects and birds. Not be situated near to fresh food store.

24. Packaging or storage of biomedical waste management The packaging material including containers: • Must be strong in construction • Must not let spillage of hazardous waste due to jerk or vibrations caused by rough roads • Must not get contaminated for reuse

25. Labelling of biomedical segregated waste: After waste segregation, it is labelled and sent for treatment either onsite or offsite, depending on the type of BMW.

26. Labelling of vehicle and transport container-both are required Labelling for hazardous material must be put . Label must have emergency contact numbers of concerned Regional Officer, Police Station, Fire Station, and other agencies. Label must contain the name and address of occupier and operator of the facility.

27. Transportation of biomedical waste: Follow the guidelines specified by GOI: Transported in specially designed vehicles. Not transported either in trolleys, covered wheel barrows or not even manually loaded. Bags/container containing biomedical wastes must be tied/lidded and labelled before transportation. Bags/containers should have a signed document by nurse/doctor mentioning date, shift, quantity and destination. Traffic accidents, must be followed in case of an accidental spillage. Should be possible to wash the interior of the containers thoroughly.