body cavities OTM lecturer notes presentation

Body cavities

1. BODY CAVITIES peter mwaniki Bsc.clinMED /DCM DEPARTMENT OF CLINICAL MEDICINE

2. CAVITY : a hollow space; hole BODY CAVITY: A body cavity is any space or compartment, or potential space in the animal body. Cavities accommodate organs and other structures; cavities as potential spaces contain fluid DEFINATIONS

3. Ventral/anterior : THORACIC CAVITY ABDOMINAL CAVITY PELVIC CAVITY Dorsal/posterior Cranial spinal TYPES

4. Boundaries Anterior: sternum and costal cartilages. Anterolaterally : - Anterior and lateral chest wall/thoracic wall Inferiorly/below :- The diaphragm. Superiorly :- It extends upward into the root of the neck about one fingerbreadth above the clavicle on each side (covered by supra preural membrane) Posteriorly -Thoracic vertebra (T1-T12) The chest cavity can be divided into 1. median partition, called the mediastinum, 2. 2 laterally placed pleural cavities with a number of structures Thoracic cavity

5. forms the superior and major part of the abdominopelvic cavity . Abdominal cavity is largest hollow space of the body. extend: between the thoracic diaphragm and upper plane of the pelvic cavity . has no floor of its own because it is continuous with the pelvic cavity . ABDOMINAL CAVITY

6. The body has been sectioned in the median plane to show the abdominal and pelvic cavities as subdivisions of the continuous abdominopelvic cavity . Abdomino pelvic cavity

7. Nine regions of the abdominal cavity are used to describe the location of abdominal organs, pains, or pathologies.

8. The regions are delineated by four planes : two sagittal (vertical) planes. two transverse ( horizontal)planes . Note: the mid- clavicular planes that pass from the midpoint of the clavicles (approximately 9 cm from the midline) to the Mid-inguinal points . M idpoints of the lines joining the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the pubic tubercles on each side.

9. subcostal plane , passing through the inferior border of the 10th costal cartilage on each side. transtubercular plane , passing through the iliac tubercles (approximately 5 cm posterior to the ASIS on each side) and the body of the L5 vertebra. Transverse planes

10. midway between the superior borders of the manubrium of the sternum and the pubic symphysis (typically the L1 vertebral level), commonly transects the pylorus (the distal, more tubular part of the stomach) when the patient is recumbent (supine or prone Trans pyloric plane

11. passes through the easily palpated ASIS on each side Inter spinous plane

12. Right upper quadrant Right lower quadrant Left upper quadrant Left lower quadrant QUADRANTS OF THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY

13. is within the abdominal cavity Inferiorly: continuous with pelvic cavity. is a potential space of capillary thinness between the parietal and visceral layers of peritoneum. contains no organs . contains a thin film of peritoneal fluid, which is composed of water, electrolytes, and other substances derived from interstitial fluid in adjacent tissues. peritoneal cavity

14. 1.lubricates the peritoneal surfaces, enabling the viscera to move over each other without friction, and allowing the movements of digestion. 2.contains leukocytes and antibodies that resist infection. The lymphatic vessels on the inferior aspect of diaphragm absorb the peritoneal fluid. Its fully closed in males. Functions of the peritoneal fluid

15. In females there is a communication to the exterior through the uterine tube , uterine cavity, and vagina. This communication constitutes a potential pathway of infection from the exterior . ctds

16. the peritoneal cavity is divided into: 1.The greater and 2.Lesser peritoneal sacs. The greater sac is the main and larger part. The lesser sac is also called the omental bursa . Lies posterior to the stomach and lesser omentum Subdivisions of Peritoneal Cavity

17. Its funnel shaped. divided into greater(false) and l esser(true) pelvic cavities. Although the greater pelvis and lesser pelvic cavity are actually continuous, they are demarcated by the plane of the pelvic inlet (defined by the pelvic brim ). PELVIC CAVITY

18. terminal parts of the ureters, the urinary bladder , rectum , pelvic genital organs , blood vessels , lymphatic vessels, nerves contents of the pelvic cavity

19. 9. loops of the small intestine(mainly ileum ) 10.large intestine (appendix and transverse and/or sigmoid colon ).

20. Revision questions Define a cavity List atleast 8 cavities in the body Compare and contrast the male and female pelvis Differentiate greater pelvis from lesser pelvis Describe the the abdominal cavity Describe the pelvic cavity Describe the peritoneal cavity Describe the comparments of the thoracic cavity

21. Make notes on the walls $ the floor of the pelvic cavity. A ssignment