bones of Upper limbs and anatomy of upper limbs

all about upper limb
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1. Bones Of Upper Limb Mk. Sadham hussain Bsc . radiology 1 st year

2. Clavicle(collar bone) Paculiarities of clavicle Only long bone placed horizontally. Subcutaneous and can easily palpated. 1 st bone to ossify in the body. The only long bone with two primary center of ossification for shaft. No madullary cavity.

3. Applied Anatomy. Common sit of fractured in clavicle is the junction of medial 2/3 and lateral 1/3.

4. Scapula(shoulder blade) 2 surfaces Costal surface is also called subscapular fossa Dorsal surface is divided into an upper supraspinous and infraspinous fossa by spinous process 3 broder Superior border Lateral border Medial border

5. 3 processes Acromion process – it articulates with the lateral end of the clavicle at the acromioclavicular joint. Coracoid process Spinous process Applied anatomy Paralysis of a muscle called serratus anterior causes winging of the scapula .

6. Applied Anatomy of Scapula Paralysis of serratus anterior muscle causes winging of the scapula .

7. Humerus It has upper end , lower end , shaft . Upper end Head – it articulates with glenoid cavity of the scapula to form shoulder joint . Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Bicipital groove ( intertubercular sulcus) – it is an area between GT and LT

8. (radial fossa , coronoid fossa , olecranon fossa)

9. Applied Anatomy Humerus . The fracture affecting the surgical neck can damage axillary nerve leads to paralysis of deltoid muscle. Fracture affecting the shaft can cause damage to radial nerve which result wrist drop. Supracondylar fracture can damage median nerve and brachial artery. D amage of brachial artery cause volkman’s ischemci contracture.

10. Fracture affecting the medial epicondyle can damage ulnar nerve which leads to ‘claw hand’ sensory loss in the medial side of the palm and medial one and a half finger .

11. Radius (arm ) •The shorter of the two long bones of the forearm, extending from the elbow to the wrist ; •it is the bone on the thumb side of the arm . •The radius rotates around the ulna, permitting the hand to rotate and be flexible . •A projection just above the thumb side of the wrist marks the end of the radius.

12. Applied Anatomy of Radius Colles ’ fracture : Fracture of distal end of the radius , the distal fractured fragment is displaced upwards and posteriorly by brachio radialis muscle . This produces ‘dinner fork deformity’. smith’s fracture : it is reverse of colles ’ fracture . It produced by a fall on the back of the hand .

13. Applied Anatomy O f Ulna. Fracture of shaft of ulna may be associated with fracture of radius . Fracture of olecranon process occurs if one falls on the point of elbow .

14. Bones of the Hand

15. Applied anatomy of carpal bone . Scaphoid fracture : scaphoid is the most common carpal bone fractured due to fall on the outstretched hand. Lunate dislocation : though it is uncommon , its forward dislocation can cause carpal tunnel syndrome .

16. Applied Anatomy of phalanges Bennett’s fracture : fracture involving the base of the 1 st metacarpal bone . Mallet finger : the distal phalanx undergoes extreme flexion due to detachment of extensor tendon from the distal phalanx .