Bovine theileriosis

Education

1. Bovine Theileriosis
Dr. Karima Al Salihi

2. ØTheileriosis are those tick-borne protozoan
diseases associated with Theileriaspp.
ØIn Iraq, most cases of Bovine theileriosis
•are caused by Th. annulata(tropical or
Mediterranean theileriosis) and Th. mutans
(benign theileriosis), and Th. parva(ECF)

3. •Theileriosis of sheep and goat are caused by Th.
hirci(Th. lestoquardi-Malignant ovine theileriosis)
and Th. ovis(mild theileriosis).
•Equine theileriosis are caused by Th. equi.
•Transmission: Stage to stage (Transtadial
Transmission).

4. Vectors

8. Clinical signs
•Swelling of the draining lymph node, usually the parotid.
•Generalized lymphadenopathy.
•Fever 40 –41o C

14. In case of Equine theileriosis there is fever, anaemia,
jaundice and haemoglobinuria.

15. Occasional cases of brain involvement
occur and are characterized by circling,
hence 'turning sickness' or cerebral
theileriosis due to the presence of
schizont in the cerebral capillaries.

16. Postmortem
ØSplenic enlargement.
ØSevere pulmonary emphysema and edema along with hydrothorax and hydropericardium.
ØGeneralized lymphoid hyperplasia.
ØSmall lymphoid nodules (the so-called pseudo-infarcts) are
present in liver, kidney, and alimentary track.
The carcass is emaciated and hemorrhages are evident in a variety of tissues and organs.

17. Pulmonary emphysema and edema
The Lymph node is enlarged and diffusely pale, and
contains numerous petechiae.

19. Diagnosis
•East Coast Fever only occurs
where R. appendiculatusis
present, although occasionally
outbreaks such areas have been
recorded due to the introduction
of tick-infected cattle from an
enzootic area

20. •In sick animals, macroschizonts
are readily detected in biopsy
smears of lymph nodes and in
dead animals in impression
smears of lymph nodes and
spleen.

21. •There are two types of
schizonts (Koch’s Blue Bodies)
•Macroschizont: one with large
chromatin granules gives (8-
16 macromerozoites).
•Microschizont: one with small
chromatin granules gives (50-
120 Micromerozoites)
(Sexually differentiated) and
infect RBCs.

22. •In the field,
diagnosis is
usually achieved
by finding
Theileriaparasites
in Giemsa-stained
blood smears and
lymph node
needle biopsy
smears

23. The indirect
fluorescent
antibody test is of
value in detecting
cattle which have
recovered from ECF.

24. Differential diagnosis
•Heartwater because of pulmonary edema and hydrothorax. Examination of brain smears and lymph node or spleen impression smears can differentiate between the two diseases.
•Trypanosomiasis because of edema, lymphadenopathy, and anemia. Blood and lymph node smear examination will normally differentiate between the two diseases.
•Babesiosis and anaplasmosis because of anemia. These diseases can easily be differentiated from theileriosis on examination of blood smears.
•Malignant catarrhal fever because of lymphadenopathy and corneal opacity. Examination of blood and lymph node smears will clearly differentiate between the two diseases.

25. Treatment
Tetracyclines have a therapeutic effect if
given at the time of infection but they are
of no value in the treatment of clinical
cases.

26. Parvaquone and Buparvaquone
are drugs of choice in treating
the clinical cases

27. Control
ØIntegrated approach involving resistant animal breeds.
ØVaccination by infection-and-treatment methods.