BPAD.pptx

BPAD

1. CLASS PRESENTATION ON BIPOLAR DISORDER PRESENTED BY:- RAMANPREET KAUR POST BASIC BSC-2 ND YEAR

2. INTRODUCTION Bipolar disorder or bipolar affective disorder ,historically known as manic-depressive disorder , there are swings in mood. During manic phase of this disorder, the patient may show excessive excitement or silliness, carrying jokes.

3. DEFINITION Bipolar disorder , also known as  manic depression , is a  mental illness  that brings severe high and low moods and changes in  sleep , energy, thinking, and behavior .

4. RISK FACTORS Having a family member with bipolar disorder Going through a time of high stress or trauma Drug or alcohol abuse Certain health conditions(migraine , and anxiety disorders)

5. TYPES OF BPAD There Are Of Four Types Of Bpad :- Bipolar I disorder Bipolar II disorder Cyclothymic disorder bipolar disorder not otherwise specified

6. CONTINUED.... Bipolar I disorder :   With this type, you have extreme erratic behavior , with manic “up” periods that last at least a week or are so severe that you need medical care. There are also usually extreme “down” periods that last at least 2 weeks. 

7. CONTINUED..... Bipolar II disorder :  This type, you also have erratic highs and lows, but it isn’t as extreme as bipolar I.

8. CONTINUED.... Cyclothymic disorder :  This type involves periods of manic and depressive behavior that last at least 2 years in adults or 1 year in children and teens. The symptoms aren’t as intense as bipolar disorder I or bipolar disorder II.

9. CONTINUED..... "Unspecified" or "other specified" bipolar disorder  (formerly called "bipolar disorder not otherwise specified") is now used to describe conditions in which a person has only a few of the mood and energy symptoms that define a manic or hypomanic episode, or the symptoms may not last long enough to be considered as clear-cut "episodes."

10. SYMPTOMS Symptoms of mania ("the highs") : - Excessive happiness, hopefulness, and excitement Sudden changes from being joyful to being irritable, angry, and hostile Restlessness Rapid speech and poor concentration Increased energy and less need for  sleep

11. CONTINUED.... Making grand and unrealistic plans Showing poor judgment Drug and  alcohol abuse Less need for sleep Less of an appetite Larger sense of self-confidence and well-being Being easily distracted

12. CONTINUED.... DURING DEPRESSIVE PERIODS ("THE LOWS") :- Sadness Loss of energy Feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness Not enjoying things they once liked Trouble concentrating Forgetfulness Talking slowly

13. CONTINUED.... Inability to feel pleasure Uncontrollable crying Trouble making decisions Irritability Needing more  sleep Insomnia Appetite changes that make you lose or gain  weight Thoughts of death and suicide.

14. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION History taking MSE EEG OTHER CT scan X-rays

15. CONTINUED..... Diagnosing bipolar disorder  is all about the person's symptoms and determining whether they may be the result of another cause (such as  low thyroid  or mood symptoms caused by drug or alcohol abuse). How severe are they? How long have they lasted? How often do they happen?

16. CONTINUED..... Talking to close friends and family of the person can often help the doctor distinguish bipolar disorder from  major depressive  disorder or other psychiatric disorders that can involve changes in mood, thinking, and behavior .

17. TREATMENT MEDICATION Medication  is the main treatment, usually involving the following:  Mood stabilizers, such as  carbamazepine  ( Tegretol ),  lamotrigine  ( Lamictal ),  lithium , or  valproate  ( Depakote )

18. CONTINUED.... Antipsychotic drugs, such as   olanzapine  ( Zyprexa ),and  quetiapine  . Antidepressants Antidepressant-antipsychotic drugs, a combination of an antidepressant and a mood stabilizer Anti-anxiety medications or sleep medicines, such as sedatives like benzodiazepines

19. PSYCHOTHERAPY Psychotherapy , or "talk therapy," is often recommended, too. There are several different types. Options can include: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). This helps you replace bad habits and actions with more positive alternatives. It also can help you learn to manage stress and other negative triggers.

20. CONTINUED...... Psychoeducation .  Learning more and teaching family members about bipolar disorder can help give you support when episodes happen. Family-focused therapy.  This sets up a support system to help with treatment and helps your loved ones recognize the beginning of an episode.

21. CONTINUED..... Other treatment options for bipolar disorder can include: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). 

22. LIFESTYLE CHANGES MAY ALSO HELP Get regular exercise. Stay on a schedule for eating and sleeping. Learn to recognize your mood swings. Get support from friends or groups. Keep a symptom journal or chart. Learn to manage stress. Find healthy hobbies or sports. Don’t drink alcohol.