Breast examination ii final 2.pptx

Nursing self breast examination techniques

1. BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION

2. LESSON OUTLINE: Brief anatomy of the human breast What is breast self examination When to perform breast self examination purpose of breast self examination How to perform breast self examination Things to note during breast self examination Summary LESSON OBJECTIVES; by the end of this lesson, students should be able to: Perform breast self examination State the purpose of breast self examination Be able to identify when to perform breast self examination

3. THE HUMAN BREAST The adult female breast (the ‘breast’ hereafter) has a broad base that overlies the 2nd to 6th ribs. It touches the lateral edge of the body of the sternum on its medial aspect, and the midaxillary line on its lateral aspect. Superiorly and laterally, projecting from its outer upper quadrant, is a tongue-like projection of breast tissue into the axilla, known as the axillary tail (of Spence). The upper outer quadrant of the breast is the most common location of breast neoplasms (both benign and malignant). The breast is made up of lobes,glandular tissues (lobules),mammary ducts,nipples,areola ,blood vessels,lymph vessels and nerves.

4. WHAT IS SELF BREAST EXAMINATION A breast self-exam is a screening technique you can do at home to check for breast lumps. A breast self-exam can help screen for tumors, cysts, and other abnormalities in the breasts. It isn’t as effective as mammograms in detecting breast cancer, but it can help you recognize abnormalities in your breasts’ typical shape, size, and texture.

5. PURPOSE OF SELF BREAST EXAMINATION A breast self-exam that you do for breast awareness helps you understand the normal look and feel of your breasts. If you notice a change in your breasts that seems abnormal or if you notice one breast is different when compared with the other, you can report it to your doctor. There are many conditions that can cause changes in your breasts, including breast cancer. Although the breast self-exam technique isn't always a reliable way to detect breast cancer, a significant number of women report that the first sign of their breast cancer was a new breast lump they discovered on their own. For this reason, doctors recommend being familiar with the normal consistency of your breasts .

6. WHEN TO PERFORM SELF BREAST EXAMINATION At the end of your periods For menopausal women at the same day of each month For breastfeeding mothers after the breast are empty that is after breastfeeding

7. HOW TO PERFORM A BREAST SELF EXAMINATION

8. H ow to perform a breast self examination 1 . Visual inspection:  With your shirt and bra removed, stand in front of a mirror. Put your arms down by your sides. Look for any changes in breast shape, breast swelling, dimpling in the skin or changes in the nipples. Next, raise your arms high overhead and look for the same things. Finally, put your hands on your hips and press firmly to make your chest muscles flex. Look for the same changes again. Be sure to look at both breasts. 2. Manual inspection while standing up:  With your shirt and bra removed, use your right hand to examine your left breast, then vice versa. With the pads of your three middle fingers, press on every part of one breast. Use light pressure, then medium, then firm. Feel for any lumps, thick spots or other changes. A circular pattern may help you make sure you hit every spot. Then, press the tissue under the arm. Be sure to check under the areola and then squeeze the nipple gently to check for discharge. Repeat the steps on the other side of your body.

9. 3 . Manual inspection while lying down:  When you lie down, your breast tissue spreads more evenly. So this is a good position to feel for changes, especially if your breasts are large. Lie down and put a pillow under your right shoulder. Place your right arm behind your head. Using your left hand, apply the same technique as step 2, using the pads of your fingers to press all parts of the breast tissue and under your arm. Finally, swap the pillow to the other side, and check the other breast and armpit. Be sure to check under the areola and then squeeze the nipple gently to check for discharge.

10. THINGS TO NOTE DURING BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION Change in the look, feel or size of the breast. Change in the look or feel of the nipple. Dimpling or puckering of the skin. Lump, hard knot or thick spot in the breast tissue. Nipple discharge. Nipple or other area pulling inward. Pain in one spot that won’t go away. Rash on the nipple. Swelling of one or both breasts. Warmth, redness, or dark spots on the skin.

11. Summary Breast self examination can be life saving as it helps in early detection of breast cancers and increase your treatment offers and help improve your outcome .thus preventing death. This is why it is important for women to be able to perform this on their own and our duty as nurses is to health educate both women and young girls on the importance of breast self examination and how to perform it on their own.. Encourage them to make it a routine and use a diary if possible,to keep records.