Breast feeding

breast feeding

1. BREAST FEEDING Presented by: Ms. Lisa chadha M.Sc Nursing BVCON

2. BREAST FEEDING. Breastfeeding , also known as  nursing , is the  feeding  of babies and young children with  milk  from a woman's  breast . Exclusive breast feeding should be given for the first six months .

3. ADVANTAGES OF BREAST FEEDING Benefits to the baby Complete food Easily digested and well absorbed . Protects against infection. Promotes emotional bonding. Better brain growth.

4. Benefits to mother Helps in involution of uterus Delays pregnancy Lowers risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Decreases mothers workload

5. Benefits to family and society Saves money Contribute to child survival Decreases need for hospitalization.

6. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Breast consist of glandular tissue ,supporting tissue and fat. Milk is secreted by the glands which travels through the tubules which drains in to lactiferous sinuses.

7. The sinuses which store small quantities of milk .They open out on to the nipple lactiferous ducts . A thin layer of muscle surrounds each gland. The contraction of these muscles causes ejection of milk from the glands.

8. MILK SECRETION AND EJECTION Prolactin reflex Prolactin is produced by the anterior pituitary gland which is responsible for milk secretion. When the baby sucks, the nerve endings of the nipple carry message to the anterior pituitary which in turn releases prolactin. This hormone passes through the blood to the glands in the breast, promoting milk secretion

9. Oxytocin reflex Oxytocin is a hormone produced by the posterior pituitary. It is responsible for the contraction of the myo -epithelium around the glands leading to ejection of milk from the glands in to the lactiferous sinuses and lactiferous ducts .

10. TYPES OF BREAST MILK Colostrum- Milk secreted during the first week after delivery . It is yellow, thick and contains more antibodies and white blood cells . Transitional milk - Milk secreted during the following two weeks . The immunoglobulin and protein content decreases while the fat and sugar content increases

11. Mature milk- Thinner and watery but contains all the nutrients essential for the growth of the baby Fore milk- Milk secreted at the start of the feed. Watery and rich in protein, sugar vitamins, minerals and water Hind milk- Comes later towards the end of the feed and in fat, provides more energy and satisfies baby’s hunger

12. Types of Milk

13. HELPING A MOTHER TO BREAST FEED Preparing the infant and mother . Ensure that the infant is clinically stable. Ensure that the infant is alert Make sure that the mother is comfortable and relaxed. Make her sit down in a comfortable and convenient position.

14. Demonstrate the four key points in position . Baby’s head and body should be straight. Baby’s face should face mothers breast. Baby’s body should be close to her body. Mother should support the baby’s whole body

15. Show the mother how to support her breast with the other hand . Put her fingers below breast Use her first finger to support the breast

16. Look for signs of good attachment More areola is visible above the baby’s mouth than below it. Baby’s mouth is wide open Baby’s lower is turned outwards. Baby’s chin is touching the breast.

17. HOW FREQUENTLY A MOTHER HAS TO BREAST FEED HER BABY? A healthy newborn baby can be breast feed on demand.

18. ASSESSING THE FREQUENCY OF BREAST FEEDING Passes urine 6-8 times in 24 hours. Goes to sleep for 23 hours after the feed. Gains weight 15-30 gm per day

19. TECHNIQUES OF BREAST FEEDING

20. KEY MESSAGE TO PROMOTE EXCLUSIVE BREAST FEEDING Put baby to feed at breast as soon as possible after birth preferably in the delivery room . Do not discard the colostrum Keep baby close to mother. Mother may lie down, sit on a bed chair or floor to breast feed her.

21. Breast feed during the day and night for at least eight to ten times and whenever baby cries with hunger The more baby sucks at breast, more milk the breast will produce and healthier the baby becomes . Allow baby to feed at one breast until he leaves the nipple on his own.

22. Give baby only one breast for the first six month . Don’t give baby ghutti water, gripe water, honey, animal or powered milk before six months . Never use bottles and pacifier

23. ISSUES IN BREAST FEEDING . SORE NIPPLES Causes Incorrect attachments: Nipple sucking Frequent use of soap and water. Fungal infection of nipple

24. Treatment Continue breast feeding and change position . Apply hind milk to the nipple after breast feed. Expose the nipple to air between feeds . Do not wash time before and after feed. Use local antifungal medication .

25. Breast engorgement Milk production increases during the second and third day after delivery. If feeding is delayed, infrequent or the baby is not well positioned at the breast, the milk accumulates in the alveoli.

26. Treatment . Breast engorgement can be prevented by early and frequent breast feeds and correct attachments of the baby to the breast. Treatment consist of local warm water packs for not more than 15 minutes . Gently express the milk to soften the breast and then help the mother to correctly latch the baby on the breast . Cabbage therapy

27. Breast abscess. If conditions like engorged breast, cracked nipples, blocked neck are not treated early breast abscess may develop. Causes Not breast feeding frequently Too short or hurried breast feeding Poor position

28. Treatment Mother may treated with analgesics and antibiotics . Incision and drainage.

29. CONTRAINDICATIONS TO B.F Mother on anti metabolic/ anticancer /radioactive drug HIV Infection .