Breastfeeding and supplementary food for Infants.pptx

The importance of breastfeeding and an alternative to breastfeeding under certain circumstances.

1. Breastfeeding and supplementary food for Infants Amina Thazin Khan Social paediatrics LSMU

2. Breastfeeding is the normal way of providing young infants with the nutrients they need for healthy growth and development. Colostrum , the yellowish, sticky breast milk produced at the end of pregnancy, is recommended by WHO as the perfect food for the newborn, and feeding should be initiated within the first hour after birth. Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended up to 6 months of age, with continued breastfeeding along with appropriate complementary foods up to two years of age or beyond. Importance Of Breastfeeding

3. breastfeeding reduces child mortality and has health benefits that extend into adulthood.  Breast milk is the natural first food for babies, it provides all the energy and nutrients that the infant needs for the first months of life, and it continues to provide up to half or more of a child’s nutritional needs during the second half of the first year. Breast milk promotes sensory and cognitive development, and protects the infant against infectious and chronic diseases. Exclusive breastfeeding reduces infant mortality due to common childhood illnesses such as diarrhoea or pneumonia, and helps for a quicker recovery during illness.

4. Breastfeeding contributes to the health and well-being of mothers, it helps to space children, reduces the risk of ovarian cancer and breast cancer. And its a natural method of birth control.  "Exclusive breastfeeding" is defined as giving no other food or drink – not even water – except breast milk. It does, however, allow the infant to receive oral rehydration salts (ORS), drops and syrups (vitamins, minerals and medicines). Breastmilk reduces the risk of your baby getting allergic reactions such as  asthma  and  eczema

5. Infant formula is "a food which is represented for special dietary use solely as a food for infants by reason of its simulation of human milk or its suitability as a complete or partial substitute for human milk". When a mother chooses not to breastfeed, the only acceptable alternative is a commercial infant formula. The standard formula choice is a formula based on cow’s milk, containing skimmed milk powder, lactose, & a variable blend of oils. These formulas are available in two versions: low iron ( similar amounts to human milk, but with much lower bioavailability ) or iron fortified.   Formula feeding

6. Mother's health:  The mother is infected with HIV/tuberculosis . If she has underwent any breast surgery. If She is taking any kind of drug that could harm the baby, like cancer treatments. Baby is unable to breastfeed:   If The child has a birth defect such as   galactosemia . The absence of mother. If the baby is at risk of malnutrition Lactation insufficiency:  The mother is unable to produce sufficient milk. Financial pressures. Uses and risks of infant formula

7. Why not infant formula? Infant formula does not contain the antibodies found in breast milk. The long-term benefits of breastfeeding for mothers and children cannot be replicated with infant formula. When infant formula is not properly prepared, there are risks arising from the use of unsafe water and unsterilized equipment or the potential presence of bacteria in powdered formula. Malnutrition can result from over-diluting formula to "stretch" supplies . Regulating breast-milk substitutes An international code to regulate the marketing of breast-milk substitutes was adopted in 1981. It calls for: all formula labels and information to state the benefits of breastfeeding and the health risks of substitutes; no promotion of breast-milk substitutes; no free samples of substitutes to be given to pregnant women, mothers or their families; and no distribution of free or subsidized substitutes to health workers or facilities. Health risks

8. Nutrient Human milk Formula: cow milk based Soy based Cows milk Energy (kcal) 680 670 670 640 Protein (gm) 10 15 19 32 Fat (gm) 39 36 37 36 Carbohydrate (gm) 72 72 69 48 Sodium ( mmol ) 8 8 11 22 Potassium ( mmol ) 14 18 19 40 Vitamin D <0.5 10 10 9 Iron (mg) 0.4 2.3/12 12 0.4 Breast milk vs formula ( average values )

9. Between a period of 4-6 months, a baby gets all nutrition he requires from mothers milk. The baby does not need any other food, in fact since baby’s vital organs like kidney or digestive system are tender, giving any other food will be harmful. Six months is the time when semisolid or solid foods should be introduced. Start with small doses: the food should be smooth like a paste form. A time schedule has to be maintained . Considerably it is better to prepare food from food items prepared in family. once the baby starts taking semisolid/ solid food , introduce fruits/vegetables . One has to start with small doses and given in soft form, if given in solid form there will be chances of choking. Once in seventh month the baby will be ready to take vegetables and pulses. The pulses should be without husk. Salt is not recommended until age of 8-9 months. Cows milk produces allergy in 20% babies so its better to avoid it until the baby is 1 year old. Introduction to semisolids & solids

10. The baby will also be ready to have rice / wheat products by the age of seven months. At the age of 10 months the baby can be given minced meat but in a very soft form. The baby can be given fruit juices say a spoonful or two at the age of 6 months diluted with purified water so that he has no digestive issues. If one goes to purchase prepared baby food , he/she should go in for those which do not contain added salt , sugar, starches, or other fillers. Finger millet is a great source of iron and calcium for babies. It helps a lot in growth of children.

11. The food should be thoroughly washed and cleaned before preparing. The person who prepares food has to wash his/her hands properly before preparing or feeding the baby. A proper gap should be given between introducing food. The semisolid/solid food should always be accompanied by mothers milk or formula feeding up to the age of one year. Nutrition and growth should always be a concern. Donts : soft drinks have no food value. They are nothing but acids, emulsifiers, and dyes....., do not give this to a baby or a toddler or a child. Parents should also prefer not to give sweets to a baby or a child. Dos and donts

12. Peanuts is a big no for babies under one year. It causes mild-serious allergies. Between one per cent and two per cent of children in the UK are thought to be allergic to peanuts, so it's uncommon. Most children will develop the allergy when they are about a year or two years old.  A peanut allergy usually lasts for life, though up to 20 per cent of children outgrow the allergy. Likewise these are some forbidden foods : Honey- not an allergen but can cause infant botulism Strawberries Shellfish Acidic fruits Do not over feed your baby.

13. Age Boy Girl At birth 3.4 3.3 3 rd month 5.7 5.6 12 th month 10 9.7 18 th month 11.5 11.2 2 years 12.5 12.2 3 years 15.5 15.3 5 years 18.3 18.3 Child weight chart

14. Baby's health should be the foremost concern of parents. Every parent wants that he should grow a healthy child and must work towards achieving that. The baby needs a good diet not only to stay healthy but also to develop and grow for a number of years, if not he may grow into a weak one and may be a prey to several disorders and diseases.

15. http://www.babycenter.in/x536357/what-are-the-benefits-of-breastfeeding#ixzz4QIunEm9Y http:// www.babycentre.co.uk/a1026503/peanut-allergy#ixzz4QJarMiE8 https:// en. wikipedia .org/ wiki / Breastfeeding Pregnancy and childbirth book by dr. Vinita salvi . References

16. Thank you