Bridge

I think there are no direct presentation on internet about Bridge so it might be very helpful for the students .

1. BRIDGE PRESENTED BY- Jagrata Das(Roll No-18), Kaushik Jha (Roll No.-19), Madhushree Ghosh(Roll No.-20), Mrinmoyee Rana(Roll No.-21) OF B-TECH(IT), 3 RD YR, 6 TH SEMESTER

2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION BRIDGES HOW BRIDGE WORK CHARECTERISTIC OF BRIDGING TYPES OF BRIDGING ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE WHAT IS ETHERNET BRIDGE TYPE OF ETHERNET BRIDGE FUNCTION OF ETHERNET BRIDGE ROUTER VS BRIDGE BROUTER

3. INTRODUCTION In telecommunication networks, a bridge is a product that connects a local area network (LAN) to another local area network. Operates in both the PHYSICAL and the DATALINK layer. A bridge has a table used in filtering decisions. A bridge has a table that maps address to ports. Passing messages known to be within the same LAN. Forwarding messages known to be on the other interconnected LANs.

4. BRIDGES As a PHYSICAL layer device, it regenerates the signal it receives. As a datalink layer device, the bridge can check the PHYSICAL/MAC addresses (source and destination)contained in the frame. It can check the destination address of a frame and decide if the frame should be forwarded or dropped. If the frame is to be forwarded, the decision must specify the port. Bridge isolates collision domains since it buffers frames

5. BRIDGES

6. HOW BRIDGE WORKS Bridges work at the Media Access Control Sub-layer of the OSI model Routing table is built to record the segment no. of address If destination address is in the same segment as the source address, stop transmit Otherwise, forward to the other segment

7. A BRIDGE CONNECTING TWO LANs

8. CHARECTERISTIC OF BRIDGE Routing Table: -Contains one entry per station of network to which bridge is connected. Filtering: -Is used by bridge to allow only those packets destined to the remote network. Forwarding: -the process of passing a packet from one network to another. Learning algorithm : -the process by which the bridge learns how to reach stations on the internetwork.

9. TYPES OF BRIDGING Simple Bridging : A simple bridge connects two network segments. Typically by operating transparently and deciding on a frame-by-frame. A store and forward technique is typically used so, during forwarding Bridges reduce collisions by partitioning the collision domain.

10. Multiport Bridging : A multiport bridge connects multiple networks and operates transparently to decide on a frame-by-frame. It works on the basis whether and where to forward traffic. It also uses store and forward operation. The multiport bridge function serves as the basis for network switches.

11. Transparent Bridge : Also called learning bridges Build a table of MAC addresses as frames arrive Ethernet networks use transparent bridge Duties of transparent bridge are : Filtering frames, forwarding and blocking

12. S ource Routing Bridge: Used in Token Ring networks Each station should determine the route to the destination. Addresses of these bridges are included in the frame. Frame contains the source and destination address. Frame also contains the bridge addresses.

13. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF BRIDGE Advantage : Extend Physical network Reduce network traffic with minor segmentation Creates separate collision domains Reduce collisions Connect different architecture Disadvantages of using bridges: –Slower that repeaters due to filtering –Do not filter broadcasts –More expensive than repeaters

14. what is an Ethernet bridge? Device that connects two different local area networks together. Both networks must connect using the same Ethernet protocol. Bridges can also be used to add remote computers to a LAN. Many bridges can connect multiple computers or other compatible devices with or without wires.

15. TYPES ETHERNET BRIDGE WI-FI BRIDGE POWER LINE BRIDGE

16. WIRELESS BRIDGE Type of networking hardware device. Enables connection of two different LAN segments by bridging a wireless connection between them. Works much like a wired network bridge. Used to connect LANs that are logically separated or located in different locations.

17. POWER LINE BRIDGE Also known as power line Ethernet Adapter. Device that allow data to travel through already existing power lines within a building. A bridge plugged into an AC outlet is connected to the router using a network cable. Another bridge plugs into the outlet to provide an Ethernet port for another router.

18. FUNCTIONS Uses Data Layer of the OSI Reference Model to find computers on network. Finds devices using Media Access Control(MAC)addresses. They can’t find internet protocol addresses.

19. Routers vs. Bridges Addressing – Routers are explicitly addressed. – Bridges are not addressed. Availability – Routers can handle failures in links, stations, and other routers. – Bridges use only source and destination MAC address. Message Size » Routers can perform fragmentation on packets and thus handle different packet sizes. » Bridges cannot do fragmentation . Forwarding » Routers forward a message to a specific destination. » Bridges forward a message to an outgoing network.

20. ROUTER VS BRIDGE Priority » Routers can treat packets according to priorities » Bridges treat all packets equally. Error Rate » Network layers have error-checking algorithms that examines each received packet. » The MAC layer provides a very low undetected bit error rate. Security » Both bridges and routers provide the ability to put “security walls” around specific stations. » Routers generally provide greater security than bridges because – they can be addressed directly and – they use additional data for implementing security.

21. BROUTER A network device that works as Bridge and as a Router. Capable of establishing a bridge between two networks as well as routing some messages from the bridge networks to other networks. Are sometimes called (Layer 2/3) switches and are a combination of bridge/router hardware and software

22. Conclusion: The awareness for network bridging issues is slowly rising. A possible future holds network zones that communicate with each other on well defined paths. Bridging zones is only possible by design at security gateways that link zones each other. Security will be essential part of every member in each zone down to the single client.