Bridge Engineering INTRODUCTION TYPES AND CLASSIFICATIONS

BRIDGES

1. Component part of bridge Foundation Substructure superstructure

2. Component part of bridge Foundation : the lowest artificially built part of abutments, piers & other similar structure having direct contact with the subsoil & supporting the bridge supersture Substructure: The lower part of bridge in the form of abutment, piers, wing wall etc. along with their foundation Superstructure: the upper part of bridge consisting of beam, girders, arches, suspension cables etc carrying communication route

3. Different terms Clear span Effective span Economical span Water way Natural Water way Artificial Water way Linear Water way Afflux Scour Highest flood level (H.F.L.) Free board Lowest water level (L.W.L) Ordinary flood level (O.F.L.)

4. FOUNDATION CARRYING TOTAL WEIGHT Function To take load & transfer to subsoil To provide level base To prevent tilt& over turning To avoid unequal settlement To prevent sinking To provide stability

5. Types of bridge foundation Spread foundation Raft foundation Grillage foundation Inverted arch foundation Pile foundation Well foundation Caisson foundation

6. Spread foundation

7. Raft foundation

8. Grillage foundation

9. Inverted arch foundation

10. Pile foundation

11. Well foundation

12. Caisson foundation

13. Piers The intermediate supports Function To take & transfer the load To divide the length of bridge

14. Types of piers Solid piers a)solid masonary piers b) solid R.C.C piers Open piers a) Abutment piers b) cellular piers