Brief Introduction to pharmacology.pptx

Pharmacy

1. 1 WELCOME TO THE DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS Dr. Khalid Niaz Associate Professor

2. TEACHING METHODOLOGY LGDs Practicals Short group discussion Problem Based Learning (PBL) Assignments Attendance Complete academic record 2

3. Books Basic and Clinical Pharmacology by B. Katzung 14 th edition Pharmacology by Rang & Dale 9 th edition Goodman & Gilman's by Alfred Goodman Gilman The Pharmacological basis of Therapeutics 13 th edition 3

4. Scope Of Pharmacology Disease? Physiology gone wrong (Pathology) Treatment? Art of healing With a knife → drugs With drugs 4

5. History Mystical stage : Empirical stage : Chinese era:- 2700 BC Egyptian era: 1550 BC Snake charmers Babylona Roman era : 25 BC -----200 AD Galen → Galenicals Greek era: Hippocratic oath Muslim era: 800 ---- 1100 AD 5

6. Alternate Systems of Therapeutics (a) Allopathy James Gregory 1735 – 1821 Blood letting Emetics Purgatives etc were used till symptoms disappear. (b) Homeopathy By Hahnemann in early 19 th century in reaction against allopathy with guiding principles of like cure likes Activity enhanced by dilution 6

7. PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS Pharmacon (Greek) → A drug Logos (Greek) → A discourse or treatise : Treatise Written work dealing formally & systemically with a subject. Discourse- Conversation, speech or lecture: meaning to speak or write at length on a subject Therapy → Treatment 7

8. DRUG: Drogue (French) → A dry herb In General For a Physician / Doctors For a layman WHO Definition (1966 ) “A chemical substance used in the treatment, cure, prevention, or diagnosis of disease or used to otherwise enhance physical or mental well-being.” 8

9. Objectives of learning and teaching Pharmacology :- To restrict to rational drug therapy To diagnose, treat & prevent cases of poisoning. To help the health authorities to combat drug abuse in addicts.

10. Rational Drug Therapy Administration of the right drug indicated for the disease, in right dose, through an appropriate(right) route, for a right duration.

11. General Principles for rational Prescribing 1. Need for drug therapy 2.Choice of drug . a. Efficacy b. Safety c.Cost effectiveness 3.Mono Drug Therapy 4.Drug Combinations 5.Dose of the Drug 6.Dosage Form/Rout of Administration 7.Duration of Therapy 8.Patient’s Compliance

12. BRANCHES OF PHARMACOLOGY Pharmacy Prep, compounding & dispensing Pharmacokinetics Kinesis (Greek) → Movement Pharmacodynamics Dynamis (Greek) → Power Pharmacognosy Identification, History & sources Pharmaceutical chemistry Str., physical & chemical prop. 12

13. Therapeutics Chemotherapy Clinical Pharmacology Toxicology Psology Animal Pharmacology Pharmacogenetics Pharmacogenomics Pharmacoeconomics Pharmacoepidemiology 13