Brinjal

Deals about the cultivation practice of Brinjal

1. Bijay Shrestha
Solanaceous Fruit Vegetable Crops
BRINJAL

2. Fruit Vegetable Crops
EnglishNameNepaliName Scientific Name Family
Tomato
गोलभेडा LycopersiconesculentumSolanaceae
Chilli
पिरोखुर्ाानी CapsicumfrutescensSolanaceae
Eggplant
भान्टा SolanummelongenaSolanaceae
Sweet Pepperभेडेखुर्ाानी Capsicumannum Solanaceae
Okra
पभिंडी AbelmoschusesculentusMalvaceae

3. Brinjal

4. INTRODUCTION
ScientificName-Solanummelongena
Family-Solanaceae
EnglishName-Brinjal,Eggplant
NepaliName-भान्टा,बैगन
OriginatedintropicaltosubtropicalregionofChina,NepalorIndia
Itscultivationhasbeendonesincelongtimeago
ItiscultivatedinmostpartofNepal
MostoftomatopocketareaarelocatedinSarlahi,Mahottari,Parsa,Baglung,
Myagdi,Kapilbastu,Banke,Bardiya,Dailekh,Kailali
Itismostlygrownwhentheclimateiswarm(summer)

5. Uses
Eggplantcanprovideatleast5%ofaperson’sdailyrequirementof
fiber,copper,manganese,B-6,andthiamine.
Containsothervitaminsandminerals.
Asourceofphenoliccompoundsthatactasantioxidants
Containsanthocyanins,whichhelpsreducetheriskofheartdisease
Lowersbloodcholesterolandhelpsinpreventionofcancer
Usefultoreducetoothache
Actsasmedicinetodiabeticpatients

6. Climate and Soil Requirement
Climate:
A day neutral crop
Susceptible to severe frost
Summer crop so long summer climatic condition are preferable
Optimum temperature for plant growth and fruit setting is 21-27°C
Fruit setting is adversely affected when minimum temperature is below
15°C and maximum temperature exceeds 35°C
Soil:
Can be cultivated in various types of soil
Grows best in sandy and loamy soil with adequate amount of organic
matters
Requires slightly acidic soil with pH range 5.5 to 6.0

7. Variety
Nurki-
For terai, mid-hill and high hills of Nepal
Plant height is medium and stem-leaves are of pinkish color
Hard stalk
Fruit length is 15-20cm and about 4-5 fruits are developed in a cluster
It can be harvested in 60-65days after transplanting
Yield-25-30MT/ha
PusaPurple Long:
Fruit is purple in color and matures early
Fruit length is 20-25cm
Harvesting begins after 75-80 days after sowing
Yield -approx. 1500kg/ropani
Other varieties-NS 797, ArkaKeshav, Anna 806, Runako

8. Land preparation and Manure Application
LandPreparation:
2-3deepploughingalongwithclearingtheweedsandcropdebris
Soilshouldbewellpulverizedandwelllevelled
ManureApplication:
Forropaniofland-
FYM-1500kg
DAP–7kg
Urea–6kg
MOP-4.5kg
BeforefinalploughinghalfofNandrestofallfertilizersshouldbeapplied.
Remaining3kgofureaisappliedinsplitdosewherefirst1.5kgisapplied
after20-25DATandother1.5kgisappliedaftertheinitiationofflowering.
Topdressingisdonebymakingringaroundtheplant.

9. Seed rate and seedling transplanting
Foroneropanioflandrequiredseedlingispreparedbyusingonly20-
25gofseeds.
Seedlingispreparedin45-60daysofsowing.
Theseedbedshouldbewellirrigatedandmoistenedonedaybeforethe
transplanting.
Seedlingsaretransplantedinfurrowsinlightsoilsandonsideofthe
ridgesincaseofheavysoils
Transplantingisdoneateveningtime
Inwinter,ridgeshouldbe120cmwideandspacingshouldbe60cmR-R
and45cmP-P.
Inrainyseason,transplantingisdoneinmiddlepartof45cmwider
ridgewhileP-Pspacingis45cm.
Thewidthoffurrowbetweentwoconsecutiveridgeis30cm.

11. Time for sowing, transplanting, and harvesting
Brinjal is generally sown and transplanted after the end of winter season
in mid and high hills whereas after the end of rainy season in terai region
Such cultivation practices lead to harvesting season as follow:
It harvested during summer -rainy season in mid and high hills while during
winter season in terai region
Sowing and transplanting date along with their harvesting date is as
given below:
Area Sowing and transplanting Harvesting
High hillsChaitra-Baishak Asar-Bhadra
Mid hillsMagh-Falgun Baishak-Asar
Terai Bhadra-Asoj Mangsir-Magh

12. Weeding and irrigation
Attimeoftopdressingtheplantin20-25daysafterthetransplantation,
thesurfacesoilshouldbeproperlyrakedandweeded.
Theeggplantshouldbeweededandtopdressedwithadditionalcompost
in20-25daysafterthefirstweeding.
Afterthat,theplantcanbeweeded1-2timesandlookingatthe
conditionofthecropandfield.
Thefurrowsshouldbedrainedwithwater.Theeggplantsshouldbe
wateredattheintervalof10-15daysinwinterwhileat5-7daysor
whenthesoilbecomesdryinthesummerseason.
The moisture of soil can be maintained using shade or compost mulch.

13. Pruning
FirstpruningshouldbedoneinthemonthofAsar-Shrawanasthistime
thereisalotofdamagingfruitsbyfruitsfly.Itisappropriatetoprune
plantbeforeflowering.
SecondroundofpruninginMangsir-Poushafterharvestedallfruits.
Thepruningshouldbedonewithsecateursorsharpsickles.
Whilefirstandsecondpruning,leavetotaloftwogrowingbrancheson
themainstem.
De-suckeringshouldbedone.Removethelowerleavesthatgrowso
thataircanpassfreely.
Cutandremovetheupperpartofeggplantthatwithersduetopod
borerduringdaytime.Itshouldbedonewhenthisproblemisfound.
Auxiliaryrootsshouldbeprunedundergroundmakingaroundcircle
withahoeorspade,andputcompostaroundplant.

14. Harvesting and Yield
Fruits should be picked when the fruit reaches the size as per the species and
when it has an attractive color. All fruits should be picked in cool of the
morning with the help of scissors or sickle.
After fruit is picked, should be consumed soon. It is better to consume the
eggplants within 5 days of harvesting in hot season, and within 5-7 days in
winter season.
It can be stored for 7-10 days if the temperature of 7-10 °C with RH of 90-
95% can be maintained.
From one ropani of land following yield can be obtained:
Summer Yield-1500 kg
Winter yield –2000-2500kg

15. D/s and pests of Brinjal:
PESTS :
Brinjal shoot and fruit borer
Aphids
Red Spider Mite
Write about symptom and control of given d/s and pests.
Submit Next Sunday
DISEASES:
•PhomopsisBlight
•Little leaf

16. Thank You