Bronchopneumonia

bronchophneumonia

1. BRONCHOPNEUMONIA

2. INTRODUCTION Pneumonia is the leading infectious cause of death in children worldwide, accounting for 15% of all deaths of children under five years old. DEFINITION It is a inflammatory process involving lung parenchyma “Indian Academy of Pediatrics” It is a inflammation with consolidation (it is a state of being solid with exudate) of parenchymal cells of the lung. “Marlow – Redding”

3. CLASSIFICATION

4. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Pneumonia is characterized by inflammation of the alveoli and terminal airspaces in response to invasion by an infectious agent introduced into the lungs through hematogenous spread or inhalation. The inflammatory cascade triggers the leakage of plasma and the loss of surfactant, resulting in air loss and consolidation. The breach in pulmonary defence mechanism leads to reactive edema with more proliferation of organism In bronchopneumonia, a patchy consolidation involving one or more lobes occurs and the neutrophilic exudate it centered in bronchi and bronchioles, with centrifugal spread to the adjacent alveoli Viral pneumonias are characterized by the accumulation of mononuclear cells in the submucosa and perivascular space, resulting in partial obstruction of the airway. In staphylococcal pneumonia, abscess erodes the walls of the bronchi and cavities of the abscess are filled with trapped air and thus pneumatoceles are formed,