Bt cotton[1]

Poduction Technology of BT cotton
Discovery of cotton
Discovery of BT cotton
sowing time
sowing rate
insect pest
diseases

1. h Name : SHOAIB AHMAD Submitted to : USMAN BASHIR Section : B - 12 Topic : BT cotton

2. Cotton A soft white fibrous substance which surrounds the seeds of the cotton plant and is made into textile fiber and thread for sewing.  

3. Origin & History The cultivation of cotton has been reported as old as 5000 BC in the western Pakistan. The cultivation then spread in the Indus Valley Civilization.  Evidences about the cultivation of cotton in Iran (pre-islamic Persia) also exists . From these regions, the cotton was taken to the Europe and other continents. 

4. Introduction: It is also used for several other purposes such as for making threads for mixing with other fibers and for extraction of oil from cotton seed. All these uses give a high industrial value to this crop and as such a handsome remuneration to the growers . Cotton is grown almost all over the world At present, cotton is grown all over the world, i.e. in India, USA, Russia, China, Brazil,Egypt, Pakistan , Turkey, Mexico and Sudan are leading cotton growing countries.

5. Economic Importance Important Cash crop. Natural Fiber Pakistan ranks 4 th biggest producer of cotton. Provides raw material to textile industry.

6. BT Cotton The bacterium  Bacillus thuringiensis  naturally produces a chemical which is toxic to a particular fraction of insects which are larvae of moths, butterflies, flies and beetles, but harmless to other forms of life. The gene coding for this toxin is genetically engineered into the cotton and so obtained cotton has naturally produced insecticide in the plant body.

7. TIME OF SOWING   The time of sowing for different BT cotton varieties is varying from 15 April to 15 May.

8. METHOD OF SOWING 1 . Seed Drill With the drill, the recommended row to row distance is 2-2.5ft and plant to plant distance is 12-15 inches. The seed should be drilled to a depth of 2.5 inches in ground. After the first irrigation of field, the alternate seed rows are earthen down with soil (/make furrows and ridges). This practice helps to reduce water consumption 30-40%. Other benefits include, good management of weeds, cotton plants of same height, no. of plants per acre is good, and this practice also facilitates other cultural practices in the field like spraying pesticides. Second irrigation should be given 3-4 days after first irrigation of field.

9. Silent Feature Tines are adjustable Saves the valuable time and fuel Maintenance cost is very low. Suitable for sowing the seed of different quantity like 450g, 750g, 900g, 1.25kg and 2.5kg.

10. 2. Sowing by Hand ( چوپا) For sowing by hands, the field should be made into furrow and ridges, then irrigate the 6-7 inches deep furrows.

11. Seed Rate The quantity of the selected seed depends upon the variety , soil fertility, climatic conditions and management of the crop.  Seed rate  for drilling is 8 – 12 kg and for ridges sowing 4 - 6 kg per acre is recommended  

12. FERTILIZER APPLICATION To get higher yields it is very important to apply recommended doses of fertilizers. One bag of DAP or 2.5 bags of Nitrophos at the time of sowing incorporated in the soil and 2 – 3 bags of urea are applied (per acre) in different splits i.e. at vegetative growth, squaring, flowering and boll formation stages. Potassium and micronutrients (boron) should be applied on the basis of soil analysis. Boron is important for cotton, but one has to be careful because the difference between deficiency and toxicity is very narrow. For heavy soils four to five bags of SSP plus one bag of Urea at sowing time and one bag urea at flowering time are applied. Note : The dose of Nitrogen and phosphorus can be increased or decreased keeping in view the fertility of soil.

13. Stages of Development Stages : Days: Planting to emergence 4 – 9 Emergence to first square 27 – 28 Square to flower 20 – 25 Planting to first flower 60 – 70 Flower to boll open 45 – 65 6 . Planting to 1st picking ready 125 – 135  

14. 1.Germination and seedling

15. 2.Cotyledons and first true leaves

16. 3.Formation of the Cotton Bud From Square to Bloom

17. 4.Vegetative Growth

18. 5.Development of Branches

19. 6.Flowering and Fruiting

20. INSECT PESTS OF COTTON American Bollworm– ( Helicoverpa armigera ):

21. Pink Bollworm: Pectinophora gossypiella: Lorsban 40 EC (New formulation) (1000ml per acre)

22. Spotted Bollworms ( Earias vittella):

23. Sucking Pests: Whitefly- Bemisia tabaci

24. Dusky cotton bug, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis j

25. Mealy bugs, Phenacoccus sp., Ferrisa sp. and Maconellicoccus sp . i

26. JASSID or LEAFHOPPER: Amrasca (biguttula) devastans

27. THRIPS- Thrips tabaci

28. DISEASES OF COTTON Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (geminivirus) CLCuV

29. h Boll Rot Disease

30. v Root Rot (Rhizoctonia bataticola and R. solani):

31. Varities  FH-114 , CIM-598, SITARA-009 A-one , BH-167 , MIAD-852, CIM-573, SLH-317 , TARZAN-1, NS-141, IR-NIBGE-3, MNH-886 , non-BT E −115 , FH-941, FH-942 , IR-1524, Ali Akbar-802 and NEELAM-121.

32. Irrigation Drip Irrigation

33. Furrow Irrigation

34. Sprinkler irrigation

35. Flood irrigation

36. Yield Bt cotton varieties yielded significantly more per acre as compare to non Bt cotton varieties - an average 23-28 maund (1 Maund = 40 Kg) per acres versus 17-20 maund to traditional cotton varieties.   This translates into more than 30 percent increase in yield .

37. Harvesting f