Buffer solutions. Blood buffer systems and their mechanisms of action. Sahil ppt

Buffer solutions. Blood buffer systems and
their mechanisms of action.
[Group 10]
1st Year 2nd Semester
Kursk State Medical university

1. KURSK STATE MEDICAL
UNIVERSITY
DEPARARTMENT –Chemistry
TOPIC -10. Buffer solutions. Blood buffer systems and
their mechanisms of action.
NAME –Sahil Singh
GROUP –10
1STYEAR 2ndSEMESTER
Teacher's Name : YampolskyLeonid Mikhailovich

2. ⦿Abuffersolutionisonewhichmaintains
its pH fairly constant even upon the
addition of small amounts of acid or
base.
⦿Therearetwotypesofbuffersolution.
1.AcidicBuffer
2.BasicBuffer

3. Acidic Buffer:
Aweakacidtogetherwithasaltof
thesameacidwithastrongbase.Theseare
calledAcidicBuffer.
ForExample.
CH3COOHCH3COONa.
BasicBuffers:
Aweakbaseanditssaltwith astrong
acid.ThesearecalledBasicBuffers.

4. ForExample.
NH4OH+NH4CL
Letusillustratebufferactionbytaking
example of a common buffer system
consisting of solution of acetic acid and
sodiumacetate.
CH3COOH⇌H
+
+CH3COO
-
CH3COONa Na
++CH3COO
-
Since the salt is comletely ionized,it
providesthecommonionCH3COOin
excess.

5. TheBuffersolutionhasahigher pHthan
the aciditself;

6. The pHofBufferchangesonlyslightlyupon
additionofan acidorbase;

7. Itcanbedefinedastheabilityofa
buffertoresist thechange ofpotentialof
hydrogen.
Mathematicallyitcanbeexpressedas;
Howitcanbedetermined?
Buffer capacity of a buffer solution is
determinedbythesize ofactualmolarities.
HowdoyoucalculatetheBufferCapacity?
Buffer Capacity refers to the maximum
amountof a strongacidor astrongbasethat is
addedso thatasignificantchangein pHoccur.

8. IMPORTANCE:
Itisimportantinchemicalaswellasin
biologicalterm.
BufferCapacityofwater:
Asthepurityoffreshwaterincreases,thebuffer
capacitydecreasesand100percentpurefreshwaterisno
bufferatall.
What factorsdeterminedbuffercapacity?
The concentration of the buffer (the higher the
concentration,the larger the buffering capacity) and how
closethepkaof bufferiscomparedtothepHofsolution.

9. BloodBufferSystem

10. Introduction
ThemaintenanceofthebloodpHisimportantforthe
properfunctioningofourbodyandcanbecriticalif
notmaintained.
Themainbuffersinbloodarebicarbonate,
haemoglobin,plasmaproteinsandphosphates.
Mainly,thebufferinvolvescarbonicacid(H
2CO
3),a
weakacid,andbicarbonateion(HCO
3-),the
conjugatebase.

11. BicarbonateBufferSystem
-When anacidentersthebloodstream:
Thisistopreventthebloodfrom becomingacidic.
-Whenabaseentersthe bloodstream:
Thisistopreventthebloodfrombecomingbasic.
Duetothis,theconcentrationsofH
2CO
3andHCO
3-
fluctuate.

12. OtherBloodBuffer Systems
⚫Haemoglobin:
⚫PlasmaProtein:
⚫Phosphate:

13. WhyisThisCritical?
IfthebloodpHgoeslowerthan6.8orhigherthan
7.4,theenzymesandcellswoulddenatureand
stopfunctioningwhichwouldcausedeath.
Cells and enzymes function at a specific
temperature and pH level. Therefore, anything
belowor abovethespecifictemperatureandpH
level would denature it and the body would stop
functioning causing a lot of diseases and
eventuallydeath!

14. Abnormalities
Acidosis:anabnormalconditiondue toexcessof
acid in blood that cause the pH to drop below 7.35.
Alkalosis:anabnormalconditiondue to excessof
base in blood that cause the pH to rise above 7.45.

15. Causation
Acidosisiscaused by:
⚫Increasedacid
productionwithinbody.
⚫Consumptionof
substances metabolized
byacid.
⚫Decreasedacid
secretion
⚫Increasedbase
secretion
Alkalosisiscaused by:
⚫Disturbancesin
electrolytedueto
severe dehydrationor
prolongedvomiting.
⚫Consumptionofbase
⚫Hyperventilationwith
increasedexcretionof
acidintheformofCO
2.
Alsoanydiseasethataffectsthelungs,kidneys,metabolism
orbreathingcancausethesetwo conditions.

16. Treatment
The treatment for Acidosis and Alkalosis is to
identify the cause of the pH imbalance and
providing medications or support according to it.
The treatment to this is mostly never direct. But at
times,health practitionersgive intravenousHCO
3-
to peoplewhohavedangerouslylowbloodpH.