Building construction materials Miscellaneous materials

.

1. Building Construction Materials
-Miscellaneous Materials
Mr. K. R. Patil
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
D. Y. Patil College of Engineering &
Technology, Kolhapur

2. 1. Glass
•Introduction:
•Glassisnowadaysbecomeaversatileengineeringmaterialduetoits
advantagesinvariousengineeringfields.
•Itismixtureofanumberofmetallicsilicates,oneofwhichisusuallythatof
analkalimetal.Itisamorphous(shapeless),transparentortranslucent.
•Itmaybealsobeconsideredasasolidifiedsupercooledsolutionofvarious
metallicsilicateshavinginfiniteviscosity.
•Thevarietiesofglassarebeingusedinbuildingconstructionworkforvarious
purposessuchaswalls&ceilingsofhollowglass,blocks,windows,doors,
glazingetc.
•PropertiesofGlass:
•Itacquiresanycolour.
•Itisbrittle,hard,translucentortransparent.
•Itisnotaffectedbyordinarychemicals.
•Itpossessespropertieslikehardness,refractivepower&fusibilitywhichcan
bechangedaccordingtorequirement.

3. •Theclasspiecescanonlybeweldedbyprocessoffusion.
•Itabsorbs,refractsortransmitslightdependinguponthevarietyasper
therequirements.
•Ithasnosharpmeltingpoint.
•Itcantakegoodpolishbutaffectedbyalkalies.
•Itprovidesexcellentelectricinsulation.
•Itsviscositycanbechangedbyheating&cooling.Henceitacquires
anydesiredshapes&size.
•Typesofglass&itsuses:
1)Sodalimeorcrownglass:
•Itischeapestqualityofglass.
•Thistypeofglassisusedformakingwindowpanels,glasstubes,
simpleglass,electricbulbs,bottlesetc.
2)Potashleadorflintglass:
•Itisusedformakinglenses,radiovalves,tablewareetc.
3)Bottleorcommonglass:
•Itisusedformakingmedicinebottles.

4. 4.Potashlimeglass:
•Itishardglass&usedformakingglassarticlessubjectedtohightemperature.
•Combustiontubesaremadefromthisglass.
5.Boro-silicatesglass:
•ItisalsocalledasPyrexglass.Itisusedforhighqualitylaboratoryapparatus&
cookingutensils.
6.Structuralglass:
•Itismadebyjoiningtwohalves&pressing.
•Itisusedformakingwallpanels,partitionwalls,facingdaylightopenings,stair
wayenclosuresetc.
7.Flatdrawsheetglass:
•Itismostcommonglassforallengineeringworks.
8.Fibreglass:
•Itiscomposedofglassrods&usedinairfilterstoremovedust.
9.Wiredglass:
•Itconsistofwiremeshembeddedinsidetheglass.
•Itisusedforskylights&roofs.
•Theseglassareresistanttofire&thrusthenceusedindoors&windows.

5. 10.FoamGlass:
•Itisusedinairconditioning&refrigerationindustries.
11.Shieldingglass:
•Theseglassarehighlyresistanttoradiations.Henceusedinwindows.
12.Bulletproofglass:
•Itismadebylayersofplateglassjointedbyvinyl-resin&usedinshowcases,
jewellerystores,cashierbooths,glazingbankteller(cashier)etc.
13.Tintedglass:
•Theseglassareusedfordecoration&lightexclusionpurposessuchaswindows
ofschools,hospitals,vehiclesetc.
14.Glassblocks:
•Glassblocksareusedformakingpartitionsupto6000mm&forinsulation
purposes.

6. 2. Plastics
Introduction:
•Theplasticisanorganicsubstanceofhighmolecularweight.Itconsists
ofnaturalorsyntheticbindersorresinswithorwithoutfillers,
plasticisers,solventsorpigments.
•Plasticsareclassifiedintotwotypesdependingupontheirbehaviorwhen
heated&cooledduringmanufacturing.
Types of plastics:
1.Thermoplastic:
Itisformedbypolymerizationbyaddition.
2.ThermosettingPlastic:
Itisformedbypolymerizationbycondensation.