building stones construction stones AND PRPERTIES

stones and properties

1. BUILDING STONESBUILDING STONES

2. 
Stone Stone → One of the oldest building → One of the oldest building
material.material.

RockRock : A large concreted mass of earthy or : A large concreted mass of earthy or
mineral matter or broken pieces of such a mineral matter or broken pieces of such a
mass.mass.

StoneStone : Quarried or smaller pieces of rock : Quarried or smaller pieces of rock
for a specified function such as a building for a specified function such as a building
blockblock

3. 
Rocks are made up of minerals. Such as:Rocks are made up of minerals. Such as:

FeldsparsFeldspars

QuartzQuartz

MicasMicas

HornblendeHornblende

KaoliniteKaolinite
Calcite (CaCOCalcite (CaCO
33))
Dolomite (MgCODolomite (MgCO
33))

4. GEOLOGICAL CLASSES OF GEOLOGICAL CLASSES OF
ROCKSROCKS

IgneousIgneous: Formed by cooling and thus : Formed by cooling and thus
solidfying from a molten state. (Granite, solidfying from a molten state. (Granite,
Basalt)Basalt)

SedimentarySedimentary : Formed by a process of : Formed by a process of
cementation of small particles that result cementation of small particles that result
from the disintegration of rocks. from the disintegration of rocks.
(Limestone, sandstone)(Limestone, sandstone)

Metamorphic RocksMetamorphic Rocks : Formed by gradual : Formed by gradual
changes in the structures of either changes in the structures of either
igneous or sedimentary rocks caused by igneous or sedimentary rocks caused by
heat, water, pressure. (Marble, Slate)heat, water, pressure. (Marble, Slate)

5. COMMONLY USED BUILDING COMMONLY USED BUILDING
STONESSTONES

GraniteGranite : Intrusive igneous rock : Intrusive igneous rock

Intrusive:crystallized slowly within the earthIntrusive:crystallized slowly within the earth

Granite is a strong, hard & non-porous rockGranite is a strong, hard & non-porous rock

It is a desirable foundation & building It is a desirable foundation & building
material.material.

BasaltBasalt : Extrusive igneous rock : Extrusive igneous rock

Extrusive:rapidly crystallized on the surface Extrusive:rapidly crystallized on the surface
of earthof earth

Basalt is hard & strong but it is porous & Basalt is hard & strong but it is porous &
have fractures.have fractures.

6. 
Limestone Limestone : Sedimentary rock: Sedimentary rock

It is used as a concrete aggregateIt is used as a concrete aggregate

It is used in the production of cement & limeIt is used in the production of cement & lime

Marble Marble : Metamorphosed limestone: Metamorphosed limestone

Harder than limestoneHarder than limestone

Used for interior work or wall or column Used for interior work or wall or column
facingfacing

Slate Slate : Metamorphosed clay: Metamorphosed clay

Used for flooring, interior or exterior wall Used for flooring, interior or exterior wall
facingfacing..

7. GRANITE
SLATEMARBLE
BASAL
T
LIMESTONE

8. PRODUCTION STEPSPRODUCTION STEPS

QuarryingQuarrying: Big chunks are cut at the side, : Big chunks are cut at the side,
loosened at the bottom by wedging & loosened at the bottom by wedging &
removed by cranesremoved by cranes

Shaping & FinishingShaping & Finishing: Taken to the factory : Taken to the factory
& cut and finished to the desired shapes.& cut and finished to the desired shapes.

9. QUARRYING

10. PROPERTIES OF STONESPROPERTIES OF STONES

Durability : mainly abrasionDurability : mainly abrasion

StrengthStrength

Both strength & durability are affected by Both strength & durability are affected by
the texture & mineral composition, the texture & mineral composition,
chemical charactersitics & physical chemical charactersitics & physical
characteristics.characteristics.

PorosityPorosity

Water AbsorptionWater Absorption

Coefficient of thermal expansionCoefficient of thermal expansion

Fire resistanceFire resistance