Burhanpur architecture and city evolution

Burhanpur (M.P) town planning

1. burhanpur

2. LOCATION HISTORY EARLY HISTORY OF BURHANPUR BURHANPUR DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD BURHANPUR UNDER THE MARATHAS HISTORICAL REMNANTS SECTION OF THE BURHANPUR TIMELINE AND EVOLUTION INDIGINEOUS PLANNING AND DESIGN SHAHI QILA KARMUKA REFERENCE

3. 3 LOCATION MAP

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5. 5 HISTORY Burhanpur also known as the gateway to south is only 20kms from the borders of Maharastra . Burhnapur is an important industrial town of Madhya Pradesh. The mid-size city of Madhya Pradesh has been an important commercial city since the Medieval Period from the times Mughal ruled the area. The city was named after medieval sufi saint, Burhan - ud -Din. The city was ruled by famous Mughal rules like Humayun , Akbar, Shah Jahan etc. the wife of Shah Jahan Mumtaz mahal died in this city only. Later Sambhaji a Maratha rule brought an end to Mughal rule in Burhanpur and started the period of Maratha rule in the area. From Maratha the rule of the town was passed on to the British. The town was actively involved in the fight for freedom of the nation. Burhanpur was later created from East Nimar District and declared a separate district on 15th August 2003.

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7. 7 ORIGIN OF NAME BURHANPUR Burhanpur was discovered in 1388 by Malik Nasir Khan who was a Faruqi dynasty Sultan of Khandesh . It was named after well-known medieval sufi saint, Burhan - ud -Din. EARLY HISTORY OF BURHANPUR During Rashtrakuta Dynasty in 753–982, Burhanpur became a very important city. There are not many evidences and knowledge about early history of Burhanpur but many coins, goddess idols and temples have been discovered belonging to prehistoric era. BURHANPUR DURING MEDIEVAL PERIOD In 1536 A.D., the Mughal Emperor Humayun , after conquering Gujarat visited Burhanpur . Raja Ali Khan built many buildings in Burhanpur and nearby areas in Khandesh like Jama Masjid in 1588 A.D., Jama Masjid at Burhanpur in 1590 A.D., mausoleums & Serai at Burhanpur and Idgah at Asir .

8. 8 MUGHALS IN BURHANPUR Shah Jahan ascended the throne of Mughal empire and reached Burhanpur (Deccan) on the 1st March 1630, and stayed there for two years. On 7th June 1631, his wife Mumtaz Mahall died at Burhanpur , and was buried in the Garden of Zainabad . They stayed in ShahiQuila . There is tank called Zenana Hammam where Mumtaz Mahal used to take bath. The tank is still there and is famous till date for it beautiful frescoes on the ceiling. It is a blend of Mughal and Persian culture. Zenana Hammam

9. 9 BURHANPUR UNDER THE MARATHAS In 1681, Burhanpur was raided by Sambhaji , a Maratha looted and tortured the Muslim population for 3 days where Mughal wealth was plundered by the Marathas, as Burhanpur was a Mughal banking community. Aurangzeb executed Sambhaji and many non-Muslims because they did not agree to convert to Islam . Burhanpur was conquered by Peshwa Bajirao during his reign to Malwa and Delhi. Maratha army under Sadashivrao Bhau defeated the Nizam of Hyderabad and took over Burhanpur . In 1761 from Burhanpur the Marath army marched for Third Battle Of Panipat . Towards the end of Maratha rule in Burhanpur the city was ruled by Maratha Sardar Holkar , Scindia , and then finally 1818 handed over to British by Marathas.

10. 10 ASIRGARH FORT Asirgarh Fort is situated 20 km north of Burhanpur . It connects two important rivers, the Narmada and the Tapti River. It is also called as "key to the Deccan" and also the 'Gateway of South India'.

11. 11 HISTORICAL REMNANTS JAMA MASJID The Jama Masjid is one of the most important and preferred tourist attraction of Burhanpur . It is a historic monument as well as worshipping place. It is centrally located in Gandhi Chowk . The construction of Jama Masjid started in Farooqi rule. The construction of the monument took very long and continued even after Farooqi leader Adil Shah's demise. Then Emperor Akbar supervised and completed the work of Jama Masjid. There are two big minarets, three round cupolas and very majestic artwork on its symmetric pillars which is very well conserved.

12. 12 DARGAH-E-HAKIMI Dargah -e- Hakimi is an important worshipping place of Dawoodi Bohra Muslims. It is located at a distance of 3 kms from Gadhi Chowk in Burhanpur . It is constructed in pure white showcasing perfect example of Mughal architecture. The locals refer it as ' Chota Amreeka '.

13. 13 LOCATION OF BURHANPUR

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16. 16 TIMELINE AND EVOLUTION

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18. 18 EVOLUTION OF BURHANPUR

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20. 20 FORTICATION OF BURHANPUR SHOWING CONNECTIVITIES BETWEEN MAJOR BUILDINGS-

21. 21 INDIGINEOUS PLANNING AND DESIGN The compact built environment of the walled city of Burhanpur is an important strategy to achieve sustainability using (connectivity) ready access to services and facilities, minimizing energy for transport. The fortification wall of the city, with a circumference of 5.5 km and 8.3 m height. 2.4 m wide rampart. Wall contains 9 gates and 12 windows. The principal streets running centrally along the main axes culminate at the city gates. There are secondary streets and also narrow winding lanes approaching clusters of houses through community gates. The placement of important buildings at elevated positions, the irregularity of the streets and other aspects divide the space into recognizable visual statements, revealing the existing topography in its true sense.

22. 22 SECTION OF THE BURHANPUR SETTLEMENT ILLUSTRATING THE SPATIAL ORGANIZATION.

23. The indigenous planning and design framework of Burhanpur considered the landscape holistically, as well as its component parts, such as street width, building height, orientation, open spaces, land use forms, overall configuration and other physical issues within the climatic considerations. The Badshahi Qila or citadel, the Jami Mosque and the River Tapti define the basic axial and geometric organization of the city. The spatial organization of the walled city of Burhanpur consists of a series of interlinked landuse patterns and open spaces, defining a hierarchical relationship with a size and shape based on the functions performed therein. The landuse pattern and spatial organization of the walled city, including Badshahi Qila , the Jami Mosque, Gardens, Sarai and Hammam , constitute one of the most proficient and sophisticated exercises in city planning. These important structures form visual links, whereas other elements, such as the riverfront and fortification wall, create barriers. 23

24. As one of the important medieval centers of the Mughals , garden tradition and Islamic environmental planning ethics can also be observed in Burhanpur . The medieval Mughal gardens (a tradition that originated in Central Asia and extended into South Asia in the 16th century) and designed landscapes of Burhanpur can be categorized into three typologies: 1. Royal hunting preserves (for example, Zainabad ), 2.Royal pleasure gardens (for example, Mahal Gulara , Shahi Qila and Lalbagh ) 3.Sacred tomb gardens (for example, the tomb of Shah Nawaz Khan and Ahukhana ) 24

25. 1.royal pleasure gardens Charbagh of Shahi Qila 25

26. 26 MAHAL GULARA It is located on the banks of the Badi Utaoli river. It is located 21 Kms from Burhanpur on Amaravati Road. According to stories Shahjahan when visited Burhanpur he fell in love with a beautiful and talented singer named Gulara . Shah Jahan spent his time in this palace while she sang for him. The prince married her and named the nearby village after her.

27. Royal hunting preserves Zainabad 27

28. 2.Sacred tomb gardens Ahukhana 28

29. 29 SHAHI QILA The Badshahi Qila is located in the east of the Tapti River. The monument has not been given due attention and hence only its remains are now left. The intricate carvings and artwork of 16th century can still be seen on the walls and the Zenana Hammam . Built by- Farooqui rulers Resided by-Shah Jahan (he built Diwaan-i - khaas & Diwaan-i-aam on terrace of quila . Main attraction- Hammam khana or royal bath.

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35. WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 35

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38. 38 It is a water system of the time of the rule of Abdul Raheem Khankhana in 1615 A.D. The techniques were copied from the systems of Uran and Iraq. That time eight water systems were built to supply pure water to the citizens. KHUNI BHANDARA

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40. 40 TOWN PLANNING IN ANCIENT INDIA Dandaka   Sarvathobhadra   Nandyavarta   Padmaka   Swastika   Prastara   Karmuka   Chaturmukha

41. 41 Karmukha

42. 42 This plan is suitable for the place where the site of the town is in the form of a bow or semi-circular or parabolic and mostly applied for towns located on the seashore or riverbanks. Karmukha literally means Bow Towns like Pattana , Kheta , or Kharvata are planned in this manner. The main streets of the town run from north to south or east to west and the cross streets run at right-angles to them, dividing the whole area into blocks. The presiding , commonly a female deity, is installed in the temple build in any convenient place.

43. 43 We can see that burhanpur city is situated on riverside. Whole city seems to be radially emerged from the shahi quila which is constructed on the river bank , Which is an example of karmukha town planning.

44. 44 NASA LIK TROPHY DOCCUMENTRY OF FORTS Dhoordharshan City planning in ancient india doccumentary Google maps Vaastu and maanasara / fortification-www.scribed.com Ancient indian town planning principles www.youtube.com BURHANPUR GATEWAY TO DECCAN Indiaheritagehu.org Censusmp.nic.in Burhanpur Cultural Landscape Conservation: Inspiring Quality for Sustainable Regeneration Amit Wahurwagh and Alpana Dongre History of Burhanpur , British Rule in Burhanpur , Origin of Burhanpur www.burhanpuronline.in Burhanpur – Travel guide at Wikivoyage en.wikivoyage.org REFERENCE