Business ethics (Corporate Social Responsibility .pptx

these slides give you clear understanding of business ethics and corporate social responsibility

1. Cristina Arimany Kerri Marsh Edward Porrello Monica Valencia

2. The moral and ethical theories that engineers apply are derived from a Western cultural tradition. They come from the ancient Greeks and ancient religious thinking and writing. The philosophers with the greatest influence are Socrates and Aristotle.

3. Moral Theory: Defines terms in uniform ways and links ideas and problems together in consistent ways. Moral concept is an important aspect in the four following theories.

4. Utilitarianism: Seeks to produce the most utility. Duty Ethics: There are some duties that should be performed. Rights Ethics: We all have moral rights that should be protected. Virtue Ethics: Actions as right that manifest good character traits and regards actions as bad that display bad character traits.

5. I. What is it? Good actions are those that serve to maximize human well- being. Il. Benefits : Maximizes positive affects for many people. III. Downfalls• Ignores the individual. Difficult to predict consequences of actions.

6. Determine Benefits to Society. Determine Costs to Parties involved. Compare Benefits to Costs. If Benefits to Society outweigh Costs then it is ethical to pursue project.

7. A) Building Dams

8. Building Dams: Benefits: Stable flow of drinking water. Flood control. Recreational opportunities a) Relocation of flood- zone residents.

9. Result• Since the benefits of building the dam outweigh the costs it is profitable ethical to build the dam.

10. Benefits: Safe storage of dangerous waste. Nuclear Power = electricity. Radioisotopes - medicine. COStS : Potential danger to residents near transportation routes.

11. facilities outweighs the cost to society then it is ethical to go ahead with project.

12. Two Tenets of Utilitarianism: Act Utilitarianism — Focus on action not rules Rule Utilitarianism — Focus on moral laws not on action.

13. Believe that rules of morality were derived from trial and error throughout the course of time. Believe that rules should be broken in order to maximize benefits to society.

14. Rule Utilitarianism: Believe that moral laws take precedence over action. Adhere that although following rules might not always maximize benefits to society it will ultimately lead to the most good overall.

15. What is it* An Application of Utilitarianism Goal is to maximize Benefit- to- Cost Ratio. Benefits: OuantiTiable method for analyzing ethical dilemmas. Downfall : Similar to utilitarian in that benefits are often difficult

16. What are they* Good actions are those that respect the rights of the individual. Benefits: Maximize positive effects for the individual. Downfalls: Basic rights of one person may conflict with basic rights of another person. Doesn t account for overall betterment of society.

17. Duty Ethics Immanuel Kant (1724- 1804) Ethical actions are those that can be written as a list of duties (e.g. Be Honest Be Fair, etc.) Rights Ethics John Locke (J 632- 1704) People have fundamental rights thai people

18. A moral distinction and goodness. In virtue ethics, actions are considered right if they support good character traits (virtues) and wrong if they support bad character traits (vices).

19. Virtue Ethics determine what kind of people we should be. A virtuous person exhibits good and beneficial qualities. Personal morality cannot be separated from business morality. If a person is virtuous in his personal life, then he is also in his business life as well.

20. In using Virtue Ethics it is important to ensure that the traits you identify as virtues are indeed virtuous and will not lead to negative consequences. Example: Honor: (dignity, integrity pride). This may seem good because of integrity but it might give you negative consequences because of pride (wars to preserve honor of nation).

21. human traits like honesty and loyalty?

22. While dealing with individuals corporations should be considered pseudo- moral agents and should be held accountable in the same way that individuals are. A corporation must respect the rights of individuals and should exhibit the same virtues that we expect of individuals.

23. Rights Ethics indicate that this is unethical. Utilitarian Analysis indicates the same. Economic benefits would be outweighed by negative effect of pollution and costs to ensure a safe municipal water supply. Virtue Ethics indicate this is irresponsible and harmful. - They all show the same conclusion.

24. - What if they come up with different conclusions? The answers should be weighed. Generally rights and duty ethics should take precedence over utilitarian consideration because the rights of individuals should receive stronger weight than the needs of society as a whole.

25. Ethics are not geographical or cultural Ethics standards are similar worldwide

26. In Arab countries... - Foundations of ethical principles grounded in traditions of Islam Islam is very similar to Christianity Ethical principles of Buddhists Hindus, and all major religions of world are similar

27. Personal ethics are

28. - Accidental pouring of water into the tank Two pipes side- by- side Wrong pipe connected to tank

29. Curtailment of plant maintenance - Refrigeration unit Alarm system Flare tower Scrubbers

30. Plant Designers - Not at fault...Did job by anticipating such problems Union Carbide — Negligent also Indian Government — Few safety standards

31. Lawsuits filed totally over $250 billion Job training and relocation for accident VlCtİITIS Chairman charged with culpable homicide Estimated people injured will suffer permanent damage

32. April 14, 1912 British Liner Titanic - Crashed into an iceberg and sank off the coast of Newfoundland lives were lost

33. Warnings of ice not received or ignored Ship continued at full speed Not a sufficient amount of lifeboats Lifeboats launched partially occupied retired for the evening

34. Ship s Captain — Did not slow ship down Company — Did not change course of ship even when warned of ice Designer — Not enough lifeboats Crew — Not proficient in emergency procedures

35. 1 500 deaths

36. ' Fledderman, Charles. Engineering Ethics. Second Edition. Pearson Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle River NJ. 2004 Encyclopedia Britannica Inc. 2003. www.search.eb.com ' Online Ethics Center for Engineering and Science. 2004. http://onIineełhics.org