Business Scope - Pengantan Manajemen Bisnis.pdf

Materi

1. Business Scope
Fitri Yutika, S.E., M.Si.
Materi Kuliah Pengantar Manajemen dan Bisnis
Program Studi Bisnis Digital, Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Sabda Setia

2. What is
business?

3. What is
business?
▪Griffin and Ebert
“Business is an organization that provides goods or
services in order to earn profit”.
▪Steinford
“Business is all those activities involved in providing
the goods and services needed or desired by people”.
▪Norman Richard Owens
“Business means an enterprise engaged in the
production and distribution of goods for sale in a
market or the rendering of services for a price.”

4. Produk
Bisnis
▪Goods/barang/produk
▪Goods are tangible(berwujud) items
manufacturedby businesses.
▪Contoh : buku, laptop, pakaian, obat, mesin,
and cauntless othesr goods.
▪Services/Jasa
▪Servicesare intangible (tidak berwujud)
offeringsof businesses that can’t be held,
touched, or stored.
▪Contoh :Contentcreator,model,tukang
pangkas,tukangcuci,dll.
A business is an organization that strives for a profit by providing goods and
servicesdesired by its customers.

5. Profit
or
Loss ?
RISK
•Revenue is the money a company receives by providing services or selling
goods to customers.
•Costs are expenses for rent, salaries, supplies, transportation, and many other
items thata company incurs from creating and selling goods and services.
•If Company has money left over after it pays all costs, it has a profit.
•A company whose costs are greater than revenues showsa loss.
•Risk is the potential to lose time and money or otherwise not be able to
accomplish anorganization’s goals.

6. Business
Environment

7. Group Name Capitalism Communism Socialism Mixed Economy
Ownership
of Business
Control of
Markets
Businesses
are privately
owned with
Minimal
government
Ownership or
interference.
Complete
freedom of
trade. No or
little
government
control.
Government
owns all or
most
enterprises.
Complete
government
control of
markets.
Basic industries such as
railroads and utilities
are owned by
government. Very high
taxation as
government
redistributes income
from successful private
businesses and
entrepreneurs.
Some markets are
controlled, and some
are free. Significant
centralgovernment
planning. State
enterprises are
managed by
bureaucrats. These
enterprises are rarely
profitable.
Private ownership
of land and
businesses but
government
control of some
enterprises. The
private sector is
typically large
Some markets,
such as nuclear
energy and the
post office, are
controlled or
highly
regulated.
Global
Economic
Systems

8. Global
Economic
Systems
Group Name Capitalism Communism Socialism Mixed Economy
Worker
Incentives
Management
Of
Enterprises
Examples
Strong incentive
to work and
Innovate
because profits
are retained by
owners.
Each enterprise
is managed by
owners or
professional
managers
with little
government
interference.
United
States
No incentive to
work hard or
produce
quality
products.
Centralized
management
by the
government
bureaucracy.
Little or no
flexibility in
decisionmaking
at the factory
level.
Cuba, North
Korea
Private-sector
incentives are the
same as
capitalism, and
publicsector
incentives are the
same as in a
planned
economy.
Significant
government
planning and
regulation.
Bureaucrats run
government
enterprises.
Finland, India,
Israel
Private-sector
incentives are
the same as
capitalism. Limited
incentives in the
public sector.
Private-sector
management
similar to
capitalism.
Public sector
similar to
socialism.
Great Britain,
France, Sweden,
Canada

9. Market
Structure
Characteristics
Perfect
Competition
Monopolistic
Competition
Oligopolistic
Competition
Pure
Monopoly
Number of
firms in market
Firm’s ability
to control price
Barriers to Entry
Product
Differentiation
Examples
Many
None
None
Verylittle
Farm products
such as wheat
and corn
Many, but fewer
than perfect
competition
Some
Few
Emphasis on
showing perceived
differences in
products
Retail specialty
clothing stores
Few
Some
Many
Some differences
Steel, automobiles,
airlines, aircraft
manufacturers
One
High
Subject to
Government
regulation
No products that
compete directly
Utilities such as
gas, water,
cable television

10. Long term
goals of a
business :
1.Marketstanding,yaitupenguasaanpasaryangakanmenjadijaminanbagi
perusahaanuntukmemperolehpendapatanpenjualandanprofitdalamjangka
panjang.
2.Innovation,yaituinovasidalamproduk(barangataujasa)sertainovasikeahlian.
Tujuanbisnisyangingindicapaimelaluiinovasiadalahmenciptakannilai
tamabahpadasuatuproduk.
3.Physicalandfinancialresources,perusahaanmemilikitujuanpenguasaan
terhadapsumberdayafisikdankeuanganuntukmengembangkanperusahaan
menjadisemakinbesardansemakinmenguntungkan.
4.Managerperformanceanddevelopment,managermerupakanorangyangsecara
operasionalbertanggungjawabterhadappencapaiantujuanorganisasi.Untuk
dapatmengelolaperusahaandenganbaik,managerperlumemilikiberbagai
kemampuandankeahlianyangsesuaidenganprofesinya.
5.WorkerPerformanceandAttitude,untukkepentinganjangkapanjang,makasikap
parakaryawanterhadapperusahaandanpekerjaanperludiperhatikanagar
dapatbekerjadenganbaik.
6.PublicResponsibility,bisnisharusmemilikitanggungjawabsosialseperti
memajukankesejahteraanmasyarakat,menciptakanlapangankerja,dll.

11. Business
Behavior
2. Recognizing Unethical Business Activities
▪Taking things that don’t belong to you
▪Saying things you know are not true
▪Giving or allowing false impressions
▪Buying influence or engaging in a
conflict of interest
▪Hiding or divulging information
▪Taking unfair advantage
▪Committing improper personal
behavior
▪Abusing power and mistreating
individuals
▪Permitting organizational abuse
▪Violating rules
▪Condoning unethical actions
1. Business Ethics
▪Ethics is a set of moral standards for judging whether something is right or wrong.
▪An ethical issue is a situation wheresomeone must choose between a set of actions that
may be ethical or unethical.

12. Ethical
philosophy when
confronting an
ethical dilemma
1
Justice
▪What is fair according to
prevailingstandards of society.
▪Equal pay for equal work.
2
Utilitarianism
▪Focuses on theconsequences of an action taken by a
person or organization.
▪The notion to generate the greatest good for the
greatest number is derived from utilitarianism.
3
Following Our Obligations and Duties
▪Aperson will follow his or her
obligations to another
individual orsociety because
upholding one’s duty is what
is considered ethically correct.
Individual Rights
▪The term human rights implies that
certain rights—to life, to freedom, to
the pursuit of happiness—are
bestowed at birthand cannot be
arbitrarily taken away.

13. Summary
▪Untukmenghasilkansesuatu,seseorangharusmemilikisumberdayaalam,
tenagakerja(sumberdayamanusia),modal,dankewirausahaanuntuk
mengelolabisnis.Lingkunganbisnisyangkompetitifsaatinididasarkanpada
pengetahuandanpembelajaran.Perusahaanyangberhasiladalah
perusahaanyangcepatbelajar,menggunakanpengetahuansecaraefisien,
danmengembangkanwawasanbaru.
▪Manajerharusmemahamibagaimanalingkunganberubahdandampakdari
perubahantersebutpadabisnis.Misalnya,ketikaaktivitasekonomikuat,
tingkatpengangguranrendah,dantingkatpendapatanmeningkat.
▪Etikaadalahseperangkatstandarmoraluntukmenilaiapakahsesuatuitu
benaratausalah.Manajemenpuncakharusmembentukbudayaetis
organisasi.Merekaharusmemimpindenganmembericontoh,menawarkan
programpelatihanetika,danmenetapkankodeetikformal.

14. References
Gitman, Lawrence, J., et al. 2018. Introduction to Business. Texas: OpenStax Rice
University
Wijoyo, Hadion., et al. 2021. Pengantar Bisnis. Sumatera Barat: Insan Cendekia
Mandiri.

15. Thankyou