Byzantium Becomes the New Rome (11:1)

Byzantium Becomes the New Rome (11:1) slides

1. Byzantium Becomes the New Rome Chapter 11:1

2. Main Idea: Constantinople ruled an eastern empire that survived for over a thousand years Why it matters now? Byzantine culture deeply influenced Orthodox Christianity, a major branch of modern Christianity

3. Setting the Stage Western Roman Empire crumbled by invading Germanic tribes Capital was moved from Rome  Byzantium  changed to Constantinople (by Constantine) Byzantine became the name of the Eastern Empire, with Constantinople as its capital Constantinople carried on the legacy of Rome, even after it’s fall

4. Byzantium: The Lost Empire

5. A New Rome in a New Setting Constantine planned Constantinople as a new capital of the empire- the New Rome Center of power moved EAST

6. Justinian: A New Line of Caesars Justinian = Ruled the Eastern Empire Sent his best general to recover North Africa & Rome After many battles, Justinian controlled almost all of ancient Rome Ruled by absolute power (over church & state)

7. Justinian

8. Life in New Rome Lived the Roman traditions, but spoke Greek (not Latin) Justinian set a panel of legal experts to comb through 400 years of Roman law  JUSTINIAN CODE (served as the code for 900 years) Code = 5,000 Roman laws still considered useful Digest = Opinions from Rome’s greatest legal thinkers Institutes = textbook for law students Novellae (New Laws)

9. Creating the Imperial Capital Public Building Programs by Justinian : Rebuilt fortifications in Constantinople (14 stone wall) Hagia Sophia = church destroyed during riots Enlarged his palace Baths, aqueducts, law courts, schools and hospitals

10. Hagia Sophia

11. Constantinople’s Hectic Pace MESE = the “middle way,” the main street running through Constantinople Merchants lined the streets with products from all over the world Hippodrome = chariot races and performances

12. Hippodrome

13. Nika Rebellion = fan groups that started a riot because of their hatred for the government Shouted “ Nika ! ” (victory) Flooded the Hippodrome and demanded Justinian’s remove Troops brought in and 30,000 were slaughtered

14. Nika Revolt

15. The Empire Falls Justinian died in 565 After… Street riots Religious quarrels Palace intrigues Foreign danger

16. Plague of Justinian Resembled the bubonic plague Probably arrived from Indian ships invested with rats 10,000 killed everyday

17. Plague of Justinian

18. Attacks from East & West Enemies that attacked… Lombards Avars , Slavs, and Bulgars Persians Arab armies

19. The Church Divides (1/2) Christianity grew and started to differ in the east and west East built on the works of the early Church PATRIARCH = leading bishop of Constantinople (but even he bowed to the emperor)

20. The Church Divides (2/2) First Controversy In the East, Emperor Leo 3 banned the use of ICONS (religious images to aid in devotion) Emperor viewed this as idol worship In the West, the Pope ordered the EXCOMMUNICATION of a Byzantine emperor

21. Religious Icons

22. Byzantine Missionaries Convert the Slavs The East and the West both competed for CONVERTS Took Christianity to SLAVS Saints Cyril & Methodius created an alphabet for the Slavs so they could read the Bible in their own tongue Many Slavic languages, including Russian, are now written in what is called CYRILLIC ALPHABET

23. Saints Cyril & Methodius