C18 vs 3408 Caterpillar Engines

Comparison in the Fuel System between Caterpillar Engines
3408C and C18 ACERT™
About Engines
Engine Numbering System
- Cat® 3408C Engine
- Cat® C18 Engine
Fuel System
- Cat® 3408C Engine
- Cat® C18 Engine

1. شـركة الجـرارات والمعـدات الاردنيـة ذ.م.م JORDAN TRACKTOR & EQUIPMENTS CO. LTD Ahmad Nazih Mohammed Comparison in the Fuel S ystem between Engines 3408C and C18 ACERT™

2. Contents About Engines Engine Numbering System - Cat® 3408C Engine - Cat® C18 Engine Fuel System - Cat® 3408C Engine - Cat® C18 Engine

3. Cat® 3408C Engine

4. Cat® C18 Engine 447-522 bkW /600-700 bhp @ 1800-1900 rpm

5. General Comparison CAT ’s Machines that use engines WL HEX OHT TTT Engine 769/ 771 D9R 3408 988H 385C 771 D9T C18 Build Location Griffen , Georgia 3408 Mossvilla , Illinois C18

6. Contents About Engines - Cat® 3408C Engine - Cat® C18 Engine Engine Numbering System - Cat® 3408C Engine - Cat® C18 Engine Fuel System - Cat® 3408C Engine - Cat® C18 Engine

7. - The last two digits (34 08 ) indicates number of cylinders which equal 8 cylinders , could be 04 , 06, 08, 12, 16 , 18 or 24 3408C Engine E ngine Numbering System -The second digit (3 4 08) indicates the cylinder size family ( Bore ): 3406C Bore……….. 5.4 in. (137 mm) S troke …..… 6.5 in. (165 mm) Displacement…. (14.6 L) 3408C Bore……….. 5.4 in. (137 mm) Stroke …….… 6.0 in. (152 mm) Displacement…. (18.0 L) 3412C Bore……………….. 5.4 in. (137 mm) Stroke …………..… 6.0 in. (152 mm) Displacement…. (27.0 L) - The first digit ( 3 408) indicates a generation family of the engine -The letter ( C ) indicates that family began the emissions systems  Same bore length with different length of stroke or number of cylinders or both.

8. Displacement (liter) Stroke (mm) Bore (mm) Model 14.6 165.0 137.2 3406 18.0 152.0 137.2 3408 27.0 152.0 137.2 3412 34.5 190.0 190.0 3508 51.8 190.0 190.0 3512 110.0 300.0 280.0 3606 147.8 300.0 280.0 3608 221.7 300.0 280.0 3612 Engine size is expressed in liters or cubic inches Displacement = X Stroke X No. of Cylinders. (3.14 X (Bore) 2 ) 4 Displacement = (3.14 X (137.2) 2 ) 4 X 165.0 X 8 = 18 liters E ngine Numbering System

9. Contents About Engines - Cat® 3408C Engine - Cat® C18 Engine Engine Numbering System - Cat® 3408C Engine - Cat® C18 Engine Fuel System - Cat® 3408C Engine - Cat® C18 Engine

10. E ngine Numbering System C18 Engine “C” Capital indicates brand that use Advanced Combustion Emission Reduction Technology ACERT ™. Number (18) indicates the amount of displacement (Swept Volume) which equal: Displacement = X Stroke X No. of Cylinders. (3.14 X (Bore) 2 ) 4 Displacement = (3.14 X (145) 2 ) 4 X 183.0 X 6 = 18 liters Meeting emissions is one thing, doing it without compromising engine performance and reliability is quite another. ACERT Technology is the one solution that has allowed Caterpillar to meet both of these challenges. The core concept behind ACERT Technology is advanced combustion. ACERT carefully controls the combustion process to reduce pollutant levels while maintaining performance and efficiency.

11. Contents About Engines - Cat® 3408C Engine - Cat® C18 Engine Engine Numbering System - Cat® 3408C Engine - Cat® C18 Engine Fuel System - Cat® 3408C Engine - Cat® C18 Engine

12. 3408C Engine Fuel System Fuel System Schematic (1) Fuel tank. (2) Tank Shutoff valve. (3) Fuel Injection nozzle. (4) Fuel Manifolds. (5) Injection pump housing. -which has one fuel injection pump and one fuel injection valve for each cylinder- (6) Bleed orifice. (7) Inlet line from secondary filter. (8) Inlet line from primary filter. (9) Check valve. (10) Transfer Pump. – driven by a shaft connected to the fuel injection pump cam shaft- (11) Secondary fuel filter. (12) Primary fuel filter. (13) Priming Pump. -located in a compartment at the front of the fuel tank- (14) Transfer pump relief valve.

13. Engine Build Locations 3408C Engine Fuel System Fuel Injection Pump (1) Fuel Manifolds (2) Inlet passage (3) Check valve (4) Pressure relief valve (5) pump plunger (6) Spring (7) Gear (8) Fuel rack (left) (9) Lifter (10) Link (11) Lever (12) Camshaft The rotation of the lobes on camshaft causes lifters and pump plungers to move up and down, When the pump plunger is down, fuel goes to fill the chamber through passage. When the pump plunger is up, it closes the inlet passage.

14. 3408C Engine Fuel System Fuel Injection Nozzle The fuel injector nozzle is installed in an adapter in the cylinder head. The fuel injection pump sends fuel with high pressure to the fuel nozzle where the fuel is made into a fine spray for good combustion. Hydra-Mechanical Governor The throttle lever, or governor control that controls the amount of fuel needed to keep the desired engine rpm at the throttle lever setting. The governor has a governor weights driven by the engine through the drive assembly. The pressure oil for the governor comes from the governor oil pump, on the top of the injection pump housing, and the oil used is from the engine lubrication system. The centrifugal force of governor weights always pulls to get a reduction of fuel to the engine. When these two forces are in balance, the engine runs at a desired rpm (governed rpm). When Engine load increases, the engine rpm decreases and the rotation of governor weights will get slower, this allows certain mechanism in governor to give more fuel to the engine.

15. Contents About Engines - Cat® 3408C Engine - Cat® C18 Engine Engine Numbering System - Cat® 3408C Engine - Cat® C18 Engine Fuel System - Cat® 3408C Engine - Cat® C18 Engine

16. C12 Engine Fuel System (1) Fuel supply line. (2) Units injectors -uses mechanical energy by camshaft (30000 psi)- (3) Fuel manifolds (4) Differential pressure switch. (5) Fuel pressure sensor. (6) Fuel temperature sensor. (7) Fuel return line. (8) Pressure regulating valve. (9) Secondary fuel filter (10) Fuel filter base -used to remove abrasive material and contamination from fuel system- (11) Fuel transfer pump (12) Electrical fuel primary pump -is used to evacuate the air from fuel system- (13) Pressure relief valve (14) Primary fuel filter (15) Fuel tank (16) Fuel return line Fuel System Schematic Electronics Control Module (ECM) is the computer that is used to provide control for all aspects of engine operation; -maintains the desired engine speed by sensing the actual speed. -calculates the amount of fuel that needs to injected. All of these aspects to provide optimum performance of the engine

17. Mechanical actuated Electronic controlled Units Injectors (MEUI) C12 Engine Fuel System (1) Unit injector (2) Adjusting nut ( 3) Rocker arm assembly (4) Camshaft (5) Solenoid (6) Nozzle assembly F ormerly known as Electronic Unit Injectors (EUI), also use the engine camshaft and rockers to generate fuel injection pressure , but use an Electronic Control Module (ECM) to control the amount of fuel injected into the cylinders . A solenoid on each injector receives voltage signals from the ECM to become energized. The injectors will inject fuel only while the injector solenoid is energized.

18. Abstract C18 3408C ACERT™ U.S. EPA Tier 4 Final, EU Stage IV Non-Certified Available for global non-regulated areas Emission Electronic control system Hydra-mechanical governor Control system -MEUI Injection -Primary Fuel filter -Secondary Fuel filters -Fuel transfer Pump -Electronic fuel priming pump -Primary Fuel filter -Secondary Fuel filters -Fuel transfer pump -Manual fuel priming pump Fuel system Electrical unit injector (EUI) Fuel injection nozzle Injection unit