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1. BSc. BOTANY HONOURS (UTKAL UNIVERSITY) MYCOLOGY AND PHYTOPATHOLOGY Core Paper - III Thallus organisation of Fungi Composition of cell wall of fungi Lecture - 3 2 nd Semester

2. Thallus Organisation of Fungi Undifferentiated body mass Found in both unicellular and multicellular/ fillamentous forms Having some specialized thallus structure Non- mycelial thallus :- (Unicellular forms) A non- mycelial thallus is a unicellular plant body of true fungi ( Eumycota ) that may form a pseudomycelium by budding. Non- mycelial thallus pseudomycelium Chains of buds e.g. – Yeast & mucorales

3. Mycelial thallus :- (Filamentous) Majority of true fungi ( eumycotina ) comes under this group. Non- septate ( coenocytic ) [ lower class of fungi ] E.g.- Oomycota , zygomycota and Allomyces pseudosepta Septate [ higher class of fungi ] E.g. – Ascomycota and Basidiomycota Yeast Mushroom Monokaryon – one nucleus Dikaryon – two nuclei Polykaryon – more than two nuclei

4. Types of Septa :- Primary septa Secondary septa (adventitious septa) (Formed by either mitosis or meiosis ) Parent  daughter E.g.- Ascomycota (absence of mitosis / meiosis) E.g. - zygomycota Fungal thallus show dimorphism . ( two types of morphology ) E.g. 1 – Fungal pathogen In host body – Unicellular In culture media – multicellular E.g. 2 – Taphrina / smuts In host body – multicellular In culture media – unicellular Eucarpic - part of the thallus is modified into reproductive part Holocarpic – whole whole body converted to a reproductive part

5. Hypha Hyaline ( transparent ) hypha Colored hypha Branched hypha ( dichotomous hypha ) Recemous Cymose verticillate Nuclear behavior of fungi :- Monokaryotic :- (n) Dikaryotic :- (n n) Synkaryotic :- (2n) [ two nucei fused ] { Formation of ZYGOTE } ( diploid structure ) Homokaryotic :- Genetically simillar Heterokaryotic :- Genetically disimillar

6. Composition of cell wall :- CHITIN :- N- acetyl glucosamine According to Aronson & Bartinick , Cell wall consist of 80-90 % of polysaccharides 2-10 % of lipids 1-15 % of proteins Cellulose + Glycogen  ARACIOMYCETES Chitin + Chitosan  ZYGOMYCETES Cellulose + Glucan  OOMYCETES Chitin + Glucan  ASCOMYCETES, BASIDIOMYCETES & DEUTEROMYCETES Mannan + Glucan  SACCHAROMYCETES Chitin  (C 18 H 13 O 5 N) n Cellulose  (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n