C4 Gender and Religion 1.pptx.pdf for class 9 social science

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1. WELCOME

TO
CIVICS LESSON


GENDER,RELIGION & CASTE

D.NAGARAJ
PGT/HISTORY
JNV.BIDAR

2. CLASS - 10
TH

3. SUBJECT

POLITICAL SCIENCE


4. TITLE OF THE BOOK

DEMOCRATIC POLITICS
PART -II


5. TITLE OF THE CHAPTER

GENDER,RELIGION &
CASTE


6. RELIGION

CASTE

GENDER


7. UNIT - 01



1. Meaning
2. Gender Division
3. Sexual division of labour
4. Public & Private gender division
5. Feminist movement
6. Women Participation in public life
7. Patriarchal society
8. Diameters of Gender Inequalities
9. Family Laws
10. Measures taken to promote the
proportion of women in Indian legislature
11. How to empower women







GENDER


8. MEANING OF GENDER
Social
differences
between
men &
women


9. GENDER DIVISION
1.Gender division is a form of
hierarchical social division
every where
2. Hierarchical- 

a) Graded organization/priestly 

govt 

b) A ladder- like formation in 

which all the caste groups are
placed

3. It is a natural and unchangeable 

4. It is not based on biology but on
social expectation

10. Social Hierarchy

11. SEXUAL DIVISION OF LABOUR 



1. It means different
working conditions of
both men & women
2. A system women
do all works inside
the house & men do
all the works outside
the home


12. 

PUBLIC / PRIVATE GENDER DIVISION

1.Boys and girls are brought 

up to believe that 

A) The main responsibility 

of woman is house 

work/inside works
and
B) The main duty of men
outside works & earn
money for family
2. This is reflected in sexual 

division of labour in
families.

13. HOUSE
WORKS OF
WOMEN

14. 3. Domestic work of
woman is not valued
and also not recognized.

4. The woman population 

is about 50% but their
role in politics and public
life is minimum.
5. Woman organized
agitation for voting right.

15. Feminist
movement



Feminist- belief in the social,
political and economic right for
men and woman



16. 

A) It is an
agitation
demanding
voting right




Demands Feminist
movement


17. Feminist movement
B) Enhancing
political
and legal
status

18. 

Feminist
movement




Enhancing
legal
status

19. Feminist movement

C)Equality
in
personal
and
family
life

20. Woman Participation in public life 

1.At present woman
participation is more in the
different fields 

2. Ex-scientists, doctors, 

engineers etc. of all 

Scandinavian countries
woman participation is very 

rich. (Sweden, Finland,
Norway)

21. PATRIARCHAL SOCIETY
Father is the
head of the
family in this
society

OR
Male
dominated
society

22. How woman are discriminated/Diameters of
gender inequalities
1. Low literacy rate
2. Higher studies
3. Highly paid woman job holders are
less.
4. The equal wage act
5. Preference to have sons
6. Proportion of woman in legislature
7. Decline in sex ratio
8. Harassment, Exploitation, Violence
against Woman are more in Urban
area
9. There is no safe place for woman

23. 

How woman were discriminated/diameters
of gender inequalities


1. Low literacy rate 

literacy rate of woman is
54% as against to 76% of
men.
(Indian's literacy rate
65.38% in 2001)

25. 

2. Higher studies 

a)Smaller no of girl 

students go for higher 

studies.
b) Parents want to pay 

more money on sons 

rather then daughters
c) Highly paid woman job 

holders are less.

26. Higher
studies

27. 3. There is equal wage
act


a) Which intended
equal wages for 

both men and
woman for equal 

work. 

b) But woman are 

paid less then 

men 


28. 

4. Preference to have
son 



Because before
giving birth to
female child they
going for abortion.

29. 

5. Proportion of woman in
legislature 



Proportion of woman are -
a) In legislature less then
10% (parliament)
b) In assembly less then 5% 

c) In local bodies 1/3
reservation 


31. 

6. India is behind the
average for several
developing countries
of Africa and Latin
America.




32. 

7. Decline in sex ratio 


India’s sex ratio-933 female for every 1000 male (2001)



33. INDIA’S SEX RETIO


34. Violence


8. Harassment,
Exploitation,
Violence against 

Woman are
more in 

Urban area

35. 9. There
is
no
safe
place
for
woman

36. Family laws –

a) Laws are related to the 

family 

b)They apply differently to 

different religions
c) They deal with family 

related issues like-
a) Inheritance
b) Marriages
c) Divorce etc.

37. 

c) They deal with family related 

issues like-


a) Inheritance
b) Marriages


c) Divorce

38. 

Measures taken to promote the proportion
of women in Indian legislature –



A)Reservation of seats in
legislatures
B)Legal binding to have a
fair proportion
C) Raising literacy rate

39. Measures taken to empower women

1. Seats are reserved for women in
legislatures
2. Girls education Promoted
3. Opportunities to work in various
fields
4. Women welfare commission has
been set up
5. Dowry act passed(1961) to ban it
6. Sex discrimination made illegal
7. Sthree Shakti & Mahila mandlies
organized
8. Special police stations also set up 


40. 

Seats are reserved for women in
legislatures


41. Girls
education
Promoted

42. Opportunities 

to work in
various 

fields


43. Women welfare
commission has 

been set up


44. 

Dowry act passed(1961) to ban it


45. Sex
discrimination
made illegal


46. 

Sthree Shakti & Mahila mandlies organized


47. Special police stations also set up

48. THANK YOU


49. UNIT -02

RELIGION

•Reasons for social differences
•Relation between Religion &
Politics
• Communalism
•Causes for Communalism
•Various forms of Communalism
in Politics

50. Causes for social difference
1.Gender


2.Caste 


3.Religion


51. RELATION BETWEEN RELIGION AND
POLITICS
1. India is a land of many 

religions.
2. Political parties take 

advantage of these 

religion.
3. Religious difference 

generates close relation 

between religion and
politics.



52. 

4.Gandhiji said
that

a)“Religion can never be 

separated from 

politics” 

b) He believed that 

“politics should be 

guided by ethics drawn 

from religion”.

53. 5. Human right group

“Expressed that
minorities are the
worst sufferers 

during communal 

riots”


54. 6. Woman movements


“Argued that
family laws of all
religions
discriminate
woman”




55. 

COMMUNALISM 





Treating a person
belonging to one’s
own religion as
friends and other
as enemies

56. Causes for
Communalism
1. British encouraged communal
politics – 

a) Divide and rule police 

b) Separate electorates
c) Separate identity
2. Economic backwardness
3. Fundamentalists 

4. Communal medium , literature
5. Outside intervention like 

Jammu and Kashmir

57. 

VARIOUS FORM OF COMMUNALISM IN
POLITICS 



1.Religious
prejudices –
Belief in the
superiority of one’s
own religion.

58. 2. Majoritarian dominance –

Those in
majority
wants to
achieve
political,
social
dominance
over
minority.

59. 3. Minority 

community

Minority
community
seek to form a
separate
political unit

60. 4. Political mobilization on religion
lines
This involves;-
a) Sacred symbols
b) Religious leaders
c) Emotional
appeals etc. 




61. 5. Misusing religious places
1. Many religion
misusing
religious places those 

are controlled by 

‘fundamentalists’
2. Instead of spreading 

love and peace they 

provoke the people 

against other religions

62. 6. The most ugly (hateful) form of
communalism

A. Take place in the form of 

i) Communal violence, 

ii) Riots and 

iii)Massacre

B. Ex- India and Pakistan 

suffered from communal 

riots at the time of 

partition


63. Communal politics – 



Use of religion in
politics where one
religion is shown as
superior to other.




64. THAK YOU

65. UNIT - 03

CASTE
•Secular State
•Features of Secular State
•Caste System
•Social Reformers
•Caste Inequalities
•Reasons for breaking down of the Caste
System
• Caste in Politics
•Caste alone can not determine the election
results
•Politic in Caste






66. 

SECULAR STATE 


 In a state
where all
religions are
treated equally
by the govt is
called ‘secular
state’

67. 

Features of Secularism;-



1. No official religion
2. All are free to practice and
propagate their religion
3. No discrimination on the 

ground on religion
4. Some time state intervene in 

the matters of religion in 

order to ensure equality 

within a religion
5. Ex – ban on untouchability

68. CASTE AND POLITICS 


 1. It is one of the social feature
of India. 

2. Caste system existing 

based on ‘hereditary
occupation’ 

3. Marriages are formed within 

the cast group
4. Inhuman practice of 

‘untouchability’ occurred due
to discrimination against the
“out cast” group




Caste system

69. Social reformers

5. Social reformers like
i) Jyotiba phule

ii) Gandhiji, 

iii) B.R.Ambedkar and
iv) Periyar ramaswamy etc
6. Tried to reduce caste
inequalities 

7. Due to their efforts and due 

to other ‘socio-economic’
changes, changes occurred
in caste system in India

70. 

Cast inequalities 



1. ‘Marriages’ performed 

in the same castes.
2. People from different 

castes do not interact 

with each other
3. ‘Untouchability’ is still 

present in some parts
4. Upper caste people who got
good education got top job
positions
5. Due to this they became
economically better 


71. 

REASONS FOR BREAKING DOWN OF
CASTE SYSTEM

1. Urbanization.
2. Occupational mobility.
3. Weakening in the
position of landlords.
4. Economic development.
5. Growth of literacy.
6. Education.

72. URBANIZATION

73. Occupation
al 

mobility.

74. Weakening 

in the 

position 

of 

landlords

75. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

76. Growt
h 

of
literac
y 


77. 

Education 


78. CAST IN POLITICS 

(INFLUENCE OF CAST IN POLITICS)
1. Politics parties choose 

candidates on the basis 

of caste.
2. Political parties and 

candidates ask votes 

based on the caste in the 

election.
3. Distribution of ‘port folios’
(office of the ministry of state) 

on the bases of caste.

79. CASTE ALONE CANNOT DETERMINE
ELECTION RESULT 


1.No parliament constituency has 

a clean majority of any caste.
2. Many candidates in the same 

caste may contest in the election.
3. Ruling party and sitting 

MPs & MLAs loose in the election. It 

may not happen if all belongs to 

same caste vote
4. All voters of a single caste never 

vote for the same candidate
5. Performance and popularity is the 

matter in the election

80. POLITICS IN CASTE 

(INFLUNCE OF POLITICS IN CASTE) 





1. It brings them within folds
2. Each cast group attempts to
increase its size and each caste
tries to widen its base to gain 

popularity. They include neighboring
caste/sub castes which were not in 

their group earlier
3. New kinds of caste group have come
up in political arena like backward
and forward caste groups
4. Different caste join together and form a
coalition they then discuss their demands 

jointly 




81. THANK YOU