Calamitous 14th century

Calamitous 14th century review unit 4 test

1. Th e Ca l a m it o u s 14 t h ce n t u ry The L ittl e Ice A g e, The H undr e d Y e a rs’ W a r, The Bla ck D e at h, The Gr e a t Sch i sm

2. M i ni Ice A g e ( 125 -1850) ► Cli m a te c ha nge- gro wth o f the i c e sh ee ts Too mu c h rain S ome s umm e rs w ith s now in e v e ry month C rops fail e d Animals di e d Pe ople we ak e n e d from la c k of food ► Mo r e s u s ce p t ibl e to di s ea s e

3. T he 10 Y ears’ War ► A ct u a lly … 11 6 y ea r s ( 1337 - 1453) ► B etween F r a n ce a n d E ngl a nd ► Fo ugh t e n t ir e l y i n F r a n ce ► W h at di d i t ac hi e v e? C hanges t o t he map o f F ran c e C hanges t o t he p o w ers o f t he k i ngs o f F ran c e and E ng l and C hanges t o m ilit ary w eap o ns T he d o w nfa l l o f feuda li sm

4. Caus e s- who sha l l b e t he k i ng of Franc e ? ► Cha r l e s IV o f Fr an c e d i e d w i thout an h e i r ► Opt i o n I- a Fre n c h no bl e s but … . Ci v i l w a r b e tw ee n th e m ► Opt i o n II- Edwa rd III o f Engla nd- he w a s the Duke o f G a s co ny and Aqu i t aine This al s o made him a va ss al of the F r e n c h king

5. Major B a ttles and F i gur e s- Round I ► Battl e of C r e cy ( 1346 ) - s mal l Eng li sh a r my d e f e at e d la rge Fr e nch a r my Engli sh l e ad e r- Edwa rd the B la c k P r in c e W hy? The LO NG B O W !! !- ► fa s t e r, farth e r, more po we rful The Eng li sh w e nt ho m e b e c a use t h e y didn ’ t ha ve e n o ugh tr oops to co nqu er al l o f Fr an c e

6. Interlude… . . ► T he B l ack De a th!!! ( 134 6-1352) ► T he Gr e at S ch i sm! ( 137 8-1415) Okay…. Back t o war England and Fr an c e sto pp e d f i ght ing s e v er a l t i m e s dur ing the H undr e d Y e a rs Wa r b ec a use o f oth er f a ct ors li ke plague and re ligi ous co nf li ct. Al so , m ost w a rf a re w a s co ndu cte d in the summ er. It w a s n o t 11 7 y e a rs o f t o t a l w a r.

7. Major B a ttles and F i gur e s- Round I I ► Battl e of A g i ncou r t ( 1415 ) - s mal l Eng li sh arm y d e f e at e d lar ge F r e nch a r my Engli sh l e ad e r- H e nry V W hy? Fre n c h kn i ghts o n h ors e ba c k c o uldn ’ t f i ght in the muddy f i e l ds agai nst Engli sh i nf a ntrym e n ( Eff ect i v e l y e nds kn i ghthoo d in Fr an ce) England n o w co ntro l s North e rn Fr an c e

8. Major B a ttles and F i gur e s- Round II I ► The Ba tt l e o f Or l e a ns (1429) - Fre n c h tr oops d efe a te d the Engli sh try ing to c a pture the c i ty F r e n c h h e ro- J oan of Ar c - young girl w ho had vi s ions of s aving F ran ce , got approval of F r e n c h prin ce , dr esse d as a man and l e d the F r e n c h troops S he is lat e r c aptur e d by the E ngli s h, burn e d as a h e r e tic and th e n made the patron s aint of F ran c e Fre n c h b e gin to push out the Engli sh

9. Major B a ttles and F i gur e s- Round I V ► Battl e of C a s till o n , B ou r d e a ux ( 1453 ) - F r e nch v i c t ory ov e r t he Eng li sh W hy? Use o f c a nn o n!! ! E ngland giv e s up all t e rritory in F ran c e e x ce pt for C alais

10. What did it a c hieve? ► C h a ng e s t o ma p of Fr a nce

11. Chang e s t o t he pow e r of t he k i ngs Fr an c e Kings b ec ome more po we rful c ivil w ar b e t wee n nobl e s e nds u se s the taille [tax] to in c r e a s e his tr e a s ury R i s e of F r e n c h nationali s m in Kings b ec ome l es s po we rful s upport of the king En g land - 134 1 law s tat e s that P arliam e nt (a c oun c il of nobl es ) has to approve all tax e s N obl e s b ec ome more po we rful-> l e ads to c ivil w ar- W ar of the R o se s ( e nd e d 148 5 by H e nry V II)

12. We aponry: t he d ownfa l l of F e uda li sm Longbow: c a n k il l from a d i s ta nce t hus n e u t r ali z i ng t he pow e r of t he kn i ght on hors e b a ck C a nnons: c a n b l ow ho l e s t h r ough c a s tl e w all s Th e r e for e … No m ore kn i gh t s? No m ore c a s tl e s? No m ore f e ud ali s m !!!!! Sw it ch t o prof e ss i on a l armi e s l oy a l t o t he k i ng, or who m e v e r p ai d t h e m – no f e ud a l l oy alti e s

13. T he Bla c k Death ( o vervie w ) ► 1346 - 1352 ► S pr e ad from A s ia to E urope ► Kill e d 1/ 3 to 1/ 2 of the populati o n ( 5 - 7 5 million) ► U p to 50 % of s ome c iti es and e ntire to w ns and villag e s ESP N E ff ec ts ► E : ma n orial / agri c ultural ba s e b e gins to s hift to c iti e s and c raft s m e n due to lo s s of se rfs ► S : Se rfdom e nd s , the C atholic C hur c h lo se s po we r ► P : kings gain po we r ov e r noble and the C hur c h ► N : urban ce nt e rs [ c iti es ] ri se , l es s d e p e nd e n c y on the land

14. T ypes o f P lague ► B ubon ic S pread by f l eas Bl a c k pus- f ill ed l ymph n o des M o r t a lit y ra t e : 60% Dea t h i n 3 - 4 days ► P neumon ic S pread by pe o p l e c o ugh i ng Dr o w n i n t he i r o w n b l oo d M o r t a lit y ra t e: 95 - 100% - s o me ti mes wit h i n h o urs ► S epte mic A l so spread by f l eas Ext rem iti es t urn b l a c k and d i e M o r t a lit y ra t e: 100% wit h i n o ne day

15. R i ng a round t he rosy, Pock e t fu l l of pos i e s A sh e s, a sh e s … We al l f al l down! T h e “ G r im R eaper” o f death struc k a t a ll leve ls – priest, serf, w o m en , children … n o on e w as sa fe

16. T he ‘B la c k Death’ f o ll ow ed gl o bal trade r o utes ► o r igi ns in China ► al o ng Sil k R o ad to B la c k S e a ► th e n by sh ip to It al y ► th e n v i a ov er land tr ade r out e s n orth to the re st o f Euro p e.

17. An ti-S e m iti sm and t he P l a g ue ► J e ws had b ee n b oth imp o rt a nt to c i ty li fe a s m o n e y l e nd e rs and p e rs ec ut e d in a Chr i st ian s oc i e ty ► M a ny J e ws surv i v e d the plague i ts e l f b ec a use th e y w e re i so la te d fr o m the s i c k and k e pt b etter hyg i e ne ► Th e y w e re s c a p e g o a te d a s the sour c e o f the p lague ► P ogro ms ag ai nst th e m broke out in m a ny c i t i e s, so ma ny m ov e d to P o land and L i thu ani a ► Up to 20 w e re burn e d a t the st a ke in o ne da y

18. Effe c ts o n the C hur c h ► Chur c h w a s p o w er l e ss to sto p the plague ► The eco n o m i c, s oc ial , and po li t i c a l p o w er o f the Chur c h d ec lin ed W ha t eco n o m i c p o w er did th e y l os e ? ... wha t s oc ia l p o w er ? ... wha t po li t i c a l p o w e r?

19. T he Great Sc hism [ split] ( 1378 - 1417) ► B e gan a s an argum e nt b e tw ee n the King o f Fr an c e and the P ope- W ho ha s m ore p o w er and a utho r i ty? ► 1305 - o ld p o pe di e s, n e w o ne i s Fre n ch- > m ov es fr o m R o me to Avign on, Fr an c e wh e re the P o p es st a y unt i l 1377 … a dv an t a ge Fr an c e ► 1377 - P o pe Urb an V I i s e l ecte d in R o me – a dv a nt age the Ca tho li c Chur c h ► Fre n c h Ca rd inal s re fuse to reco gni z e Urb an VI a nd e l ect th e i r o wn P o pe N ow th e re are 2 P op es!! ! (one in R om e , one in Avignon)

20. ► 140 8 Ki ngs c al l a C o un c i l to e l ect a n e w P o p e. H o w e v er, b oth o ld P o p e s re fuse to st e p d own, n o w th e re a re thr e e p o p e s ! ► 141 7 a C o un c i l re m ov e s al l thr e e p o p e s and s e l ecte d P o pe M a rt in V wh i ch e nds the G re a t S c hi sm. ► The P o pe w o uld n e v er again be abl e to su cce ssf ull y c hall e nge the p o w er o f the k i ngs in Euro p e. T he Great Sc hism C o ntinues ► The two P o p e s e x co mmuni c a te d e a c h oth er al o ng w i th the p eo pl e who f o ll o w e d th e m. No w al l C a tho li c Chr i st ia ns [ thro ugh out Euro p e ] w e re g o ing to H e ll… . Adva nt ag e: oth er p o w er stru c tur e s - k i ngs

21. 14 t h C entury E co n om ic Effe c ts Pe a s ant s: Small er lab o r supp l y: a s f arm work e rs d ecre a s e d, w ag e s in cre a s e d P er c api ta in co me in cre a s e d: th e re w e re fe w er p eo pl e [Bla c k D e a th]. C ost o f f oo d d ecre a s e d due to d ecre a s e d d e m and S e rfs l eft land -, w e nt to c i t i e s and cr a ftsm e n [a rt i s a ns] Wa g e s so a re d No bl e s: land i s w orth l e ss s e rfs l e a ve land re du c in the w orkfo rc e fe w er cr ops to ha rv e st and s al e s w e re a t l o w pr i ce s – l e ss in co me r i s ing pr i ce s f o r n e w l y ma nuf a c tur e d g oods

22. Po liti c al Effe c ts Pe a s ant s: ► r e volts in F ran ce , E ngland, S pain and Holy R oman E mpire as n e w la w s for ce d th e m to s tay on the land and froze w ag es - la w s fail e d N obl es : ► N obl e s lo s t military and politi c al po we r as kings gain e d po we r ► As prof ess ional, paid armi e s loyal to the king grow the po we r and u se fuln es s of the knight / noble as a f e udal ‘ army’ d ec lin e s C iti es: ► C hart e rs allow c iti e s to gov e rn th e m se lv e s ► C ity gov e rnm e nts gave more voi c e to c raft guilds as d e mand for th e ir goods in c r e a se d

23. T he End R e su lt of t he Ca l am it ous 14 t h C e n tury ► B y the m id 15 t h ce ntury, la rg e l y due to plague and w a rf a re W e st e rn Euro pe l ost 1 /3 o f i ts p o pula t i o n ► Rur a l eco n o m i e s w e re d e stroyed ► Ci t i e s reco v er m ore qui c k l y and cr a ftsm e n e m e rge po i s e d to e mba rk o n the i ndustr ia l re vo l ut i o n ► Ki ngs e m e rge a s the d o m ina nt p o li t i c a l f o rc e w i th the n o bl e s and Chur c h try ing to f ind th e i r f oo t i ng. The see ds w hi c h w ill grow into the E ngli s h parliam e ntary s y s t e m are root e d. The po we r and role of the C hur c h is dra s ti c ally c hang e d.