calicum glucomate to use in hospital institution under supervision of physician nor nurses.pdf

pharmacist usage to fluid calicum

1. CALCIUM
GLUCONATE
Presentation
ph. Athraa Hakmet

2. Introduction
Calcium gluconateis a mineral supplement.
-The Calcium is found naturally in food ,and is necessary for many
normal function of the body especially bone formation and body
electrolyte, Muscle and nerve health Also essential for muscle
contraction ,heart function ,clotting.
-The The normal concentration of calcium in plasma is within the range
of 4.5-5.5mEq per liter
-The term gluconateis associated with the end of many mineral
supplements.That's because gluconateis a salt that's used to help the
body absorb other minerals more effectively.Calcium gluconatework
by increase calcium level in the blood or by binding to excess
potassium or magnesium in the blood

3. Preparation of calcium gluconate
Oxidation of glucose to Gluconicacid in the present
of calcium…..

4. Pharmacological properties of calcium
Gluconate

-Extracellular calcium is important for maintaining potential difference
across excitable cell membranes as well as bone formation.
-Play a role in the physiology of the organism and the cell.
-Acts as a second messenger in the release of neurotransmitters to nerve
cells and the contraction of all types of muscle cells.
-Many enzymes require calcium ions as a cofactor,A notable example is the
blood clotting series.

5. Therapeutic application And Dosage :
-Injectable solution
1-it used to treat hypocalcemia is condition when the blood level of
calcium is low (it’s only required when there is not enough calcium
in the diet ) May be done to treat or prevent osteoporosisand ricket
Hypocalcemia dose :
Adult: 7mEq to 14mEq(500to 2000mg or 5to 20ml ) calcium may be given as a 10%
calcium gluconatesolution and will given as iv infusion
Children: 1to 7mEq(200-500mg) calcium iv.
-Infants: up to 1mEq
Hypocalcemiatetany :
Adults: 4.5mEq to 16mEq IV calcium, repeated until tetany is controlled.

6. Therapeutic applications And Dosage
Children: 0.5to 0.7mEq/kg IV calcium until tetany is controlled.
Infants : 2.4mEq/kg calcium intravenously daily boluses.
2-In hyperkalemiathat accurswhen potassium level is high
Hyperkalemiadose :
500to 3000mg (5to 30mL) IV one time at a rate not to exceed 0.5to 2mL/min. This dose
may be repeated as necessary
3-It is also used to counteract an overdose of magnesium sulfate in epsom
salts, which is often given to pregnant women for the preventive measure
of seizures (such as in a patient with pre-eclampsia).
Magnesium intoxication dose :
1000to 2000mg (10to 20mL) IV one time at a rate not to exceed 0.5to 2mL/min. This dose may
be repeated as necessary

7. Therapeutic aplicationAnd Dosage
2-Gel
Calcium gluconategel preparations are used to treat hydrofluoric acid
burns.This is because calcium gluconatereacts with hydrofluoric acid
to form insoluble, non-toxic calcium fluoride
3-tablet ,syrup ,capsule which can
be used as dietary supplement.
Oral dose :
500mg to 2g daily

8. Adverse Reaction
-Warmth
-Nausea /Vomiting
-Heavy feeling
-Bradycardia
-Chalky taste in your mouth
-constipation ,Upset stomach,Gas

9. Drug interaction
▪Calcium channel blockers -calcium can reduce the effectiveness of
verapamil and possibly other calcium channel blockers.
▪Thiazide diuretics –decrease urinary calcium excretion, increases
risk of hypercalcemia.
▪Phosphate -may increase risk of deposition of calcium in soft
tissues if hypercalcemiaoccurs.
▪Ceftriaxone-For any patient at any age, calcium and ceftriaxone
(Rocephin) are a dangerous combination that can increase the risk
of lethal precipitates forming in the lungs and kidneys, according
to the FDA.
Where unavoidable, flush before and after ceftriaxoneadministration
with a compatible infusion fluid.

10. Contraindications
It should not be used in cancer patients with bone
metastases and in patients with ventricular fibrillation,
hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemiaor renal stones.

11. Nursing Consideration
1-Nursing Consideration Use all calcium products with extreme
caution in patients with synovial, renal, or heart disease.
2-Signs and symptoms of severe hypercalcaemiamay include
stupor, delirium, confusion, and coma.
3-Do not confuse calcium with calcitriol, calcium gluconatewith
calcium globionate, and calcium chloride with calcium gluconate.

12. Patient Teaching
1-Tell the patient to take calcium by mouth 1-2hours after eating if
gastrointestinal upset occurs.
2-Tell the patient to take calcium by mouth with a full glass of
water.
3-Tell the patient to report loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting,
constipation, abdominal pain, dry mouth, thirst or polyuria.
4-Warn the patient that in the meal before taking calcium, they
should not have cereal grains or a dry product as this food may
interfere with calcium absorption.