Camel’s digestive anatomy and physiology..pptx

outline
General Appearance of Camel
Types of camel
Feeding behavior of camel
digestive systems of camels
Mouth
outline
Pharynx and esophagus
Stomach
Intestines
Difference between camel and true ruminant digestive system

1. Camel’s digestive anatomy and physiology . Ankara University Abdirashid Ahmed Hussein BSc IN Veterinary science department of animal husbandry in university of Somalia (Uniso). MSc In Animal science department Animal nutrition at Ankara university. Email: [email protected] Faculty of Agriculture Department Animal Science

2. outline General Appearance of Camel Types of camel Feeding behavior of camel digestive systems of camels Mouth Pharynx and esophagus Stomach Intestines Difference between camel and true ruminant digestive system

3. General Appearance of Camel Camels have one hump in Africa while also have two humps in the Arab area They are 10 feet long including head They are 6-7 feet tall at the shoulder They weigh 1000-1050 pounds They are bigger than a horse As a female can live up to 30 years, she can produce about 8 calves in a life-time (Yasin and Wahid, 1957).

4. Types of camel Dromedarian camel Camelus dromedarius Bactrian camel Camelus bactrianus

5. Feeding behavior and feed type of camel Camels can eat hard and thorny plants which can not be eaten by other animals. Camels are like goats and can browse, eating bushes and the branches of trees. The camel browses or grazes for 8 hours each day and will take another 6 to 8 hours to chew the cud. Camels can reach branches of trees and bushes to a height of 3 meters. The camel eats these woody plants by using its strong canine (dog) teeth to crush the wood.

6. Feeding behavior and feed type of camel In dry seasons when feed becomes scarce the camel can live off the fat which is stored in the hump. It can survive in this way for a very long period and will lose weight as the fat is used. A camel can lose up to 200 kg in weight during this period. Herbivores use odor and taste to detect and avoid toxic plants. Thus, they are attracted to sweet flavors and repelled by bitter flavors. Camels recognize poisonous plants growing in the area and will not eat them. However if the camel is moved to a new area where different poisonous plants are found then it may eat those plants.

7. digestive systems of camels The digestive systems of camels are different from cattle and sheep, in contrast to the four-chambered stomach of most true ruminants, the  Bactrian camel stomachs have only three chambers with no omasum.

8. mouth The mouth is the first part of the alimentary canal. It is bounded laterally by cheeks , dorsally by the hard palate , ventrally by the body of the mandible , and behind by the soft palate Camels have a prehensile and split upper lip which is used for selectively grasping plant parts. The lower lip is large and pendulous, and The upper dental pad is hard and horn-like in texture. The membrane of the inner cheek is covered with conical papillae which point backward. The hard palate is long and the soft palate (<«< dula'a ») is extensible and is often protruded from the mouth, particularly in the rutting male.

9. mouth The tongue is small but very mobile and has five to seven papillae of large diameter along each side. Dentition differs from that of true ruminants in that there are incisors in the upper jaw and both upper and lower jaws have canine teeth («<tushes»). The salivary glands are similar to those of other ruminating animals. Function of mouth Chewing (with the help of teeth) and lubrication of feed

10. Pharynx and esophagus The pharynx is a long and narrow tube whit a constriction partly dividing it into two chambers. The esophagus is 1-2 m long and of large capacity: it has secreting glands which apparently function to moisturize food.

11. stomach Dromedary camel stomach. C1 Cr: Cranial part of first gastric compartment; C1 Cd: Caudal part of first gastric compartment; C2: Second gastric compartment C2; C3A and C3B: Proximal and distal parts of third gastric compartment C3; O: Ostium cardiacum ; Double arrow: Position of the orifice between C1 and C2; Arrow: Position of the orifice between C2 and C3A. B. Alpaca gastrointestinal tract showing external position of orifices of C2 and peritoneal folds that delimited C2. C1 Cr: Cranial part of first gastric compartment; C1 Cd: Caudal part of first gastric compartment; C2: Second gastric compartment C2; C3A and C3B: Proximal and distal parts of third gastric compartment C3; Triangle: Position of the orifice between C1 and C2; * Position of the orifice between C2 and C3A; P1: Peritoneal fold between C1caudal and C2; P2: Peritoneal fold between C2 and C3A. C. Internal view of the dromedary stomach after dorsal incision. C1: First gastric compartment; C2: Second gastric compartment; C3A and C3B: Proximal and distal parts of third gastric compartment C3; TP: Torus pyloricus ; AD: Ampulla duodeni ; D: Duodenum; Arrows; Gastric groove. Scale bar = 10 cm.  

12. Stomach

13. The accessory organs

14. The accessory organs

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