Can matter change its state

1. Can Matter Change its State? Can matter really change its state? What happens to the particles of matter during the change of its state? How does this change of state take place? PRESENTATION BY: NARESH SINGH RANA

2. About matter… Everything in this universe is made up of material which scientists have named “matter”. The air we breathe, the food we eat, stones, clouds, stars, plants and animals, even a small drop of water or a particle of sand- each thing is matter. MATTER IS MADE UP OF PARTICLES THESE PARTICLES ARE VERY SMALL- They are small even beyond our imagination!!! THEY HAVE SPACE BETWEEN THEM THEY MOVES CONTINUOUSLY THEY ATTRACT EACH OTHER

3. States of matter… Matter around us exists in three different states- solid, liquid and gas. These states of matter arise due to the variation in the characteristics of the particles of matter.

4. Yes, matter can change its state and to show that, the matter can change its state, water is probably the best example to easily explain and understand too. As we all know that water can exists in three state of matter- Can matter change its state?

5. Experiment… Conversion of ice to water, then conversion of water to water vapour Take a beaker and put some ice into it, Start heating the beaker on a low flame, Observe it until all the ice has converted into water. This is the conversion of solid to liquid state. Now heat the beaker till the water starts boiling, Keep a careful eye on it till the most of the water has vaporised, Observe the conversion of water in the liquid state to the gaseous state. *See the diagram in the next slide…

6. Experiment… Fig.: (a) Conversion of ice to water, (b) conversion of water to water vapour Beaker Beaker Burner Burner Ice Water Water vapour (a) (b)

7. How this happens… The energy supplied by heat overcomes the forces of attraction between the particles of solids. The particles leave their fixed positions and start moving freely. A stage is reached when the solid melts and converted to a liquid. The temperature at which a solid melts to become a liquid at the atmospheric pressure is called its melting point . When we supply heat energy to water, particles starts moving even faster. At a certain temperature, a point is reached when the particles have enough energy to break free from the forces of attraction of each other. At this temperature liquid starts changing into gas. The temperature at which a liquid starts boiling at the atmospheric pressure is known as its boiling point . Solid State Liquid State Gaseous State Heat Heat Cool Cool

8. How this happens… So, we infer that the state of matter can be changed into another state by changing the temperature. Substances around us change state from solid to liquid and from liquid to gas on application of heat. But there are some that change directly from solid state to gaseous state and vice verse without changing into the liquid state. A change of state directly from solid to gas without changing into liquid state (or vice versa) is called sublimation. Liquid Solid Gas Fusion Solidification Vaporisation Condensation Sublimation Sublimation Fig.: Interconversion of the three states of matter

9. Yes, matter can change its state. Thus, we can say that pressure and temperature determine the state of a substance, whether it will be solid, liquid or gas.

10. THANK YOU! PRESENTATION BY: NARESH SINGH RANA