Cancer

Cancer is a disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body. This ppt covers general overview of the topic.

1. CANCER

2. DEFINITION a disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body. TYPES OF CANCER

3. TUMOR NEOPLASM OR TUMOUR = a new and abnormal growth of tissue in a part of the body, especially as a characteristic of cancer. TYPES OF TUMOR 1. BENIGN TUMOR 2. MALIGNANT TUMOR Tumor that grows in capsulated and does not invade other cells Uncontrolled growth, invasive progressive that exhibit metastasis

4. ONCOLOGY = a branch of biology which deals with tumor Cancer cells are altered self cells that have escaped normal growth regulating mechanisms. Cancer is the second ranking cause of death. .

5. ORIGIN OF TUMOR = normally tissue maintained between cell renewal and cell death. Sometimes though , cells arise that no response towards to normal Cell growth regulations These cells give to rise to clone of cells that can enlarge in size and produce tumor. CLASSIFICTION OF TUMORS Malignant tumors are classified according to embryonic origin CARCINOMAS = ectodermal and endodermal origin SACROMAS = mesodermal origin such as bone fat , cartilage

6. INDUCTION OF CANCER = A MULTISTEP PROCESS

7. BINDING DIGESTION MOTILITY

8. CANCER ASSOCIATED GENE THREE CATEGORIES GENE THAT INDUCE CELLULAR PROLIFERATION Growth factors, growth factor receptors, Single transducers Transcription factors TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE Rb suppressor of RETINOBALSTOMA P53 encodes a nuclear proliferation GENE THAT REGULATE PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH Bcl-2 ,an anti apoptosis gene

9. ONCOGENE AND CANCER INDUCTION Proto-oncogene encode protein involve in control of normal cellular growth The conversion of proto-oncogene to oncogenes is one of the key step in the induction of most human cancer This conversion may result from mutation in oncogenes its translocation or its amplification

10. TYPES OF ONCOGENE VIRAL ONCOGENE CELLULAR ONCOGENE

11. BURKIT ‘LYMPHOMA PROTO ONCOGENE = myc gene ONCOGENE = C- myc gene

12. TUMOR ANTIGEN

13. TUMOUR TRANSPLANTATION ANTIGENS Tumour – specific transplantation antigens ( TSTAs) Tumour associated transplantation antigens (TATAs)

14. IMMUNE RESPONSE TO TUMOUR

15. THERAPY The tumor load should be reduced by SURGERY IRRADIATION CHEMOTHERAPY IMMUNOTHERAPY THERMOTHERAPY GENE THERAPY

16. THANK YOU