cancer etiology .pdf

cancer etiology

1. the incidence and etiology of cancer.
Cancer etiology is the study of the
factors that cause cancer. Cancer
development is a complex process
caused by a combination of
1.genetic
2.lifestyle
3.environmental factors.
etiology of cancer 1

2. Genetic Factors
•Inherited gene mutations: Some
people inherit genes that increase
their risk of developing certain
types of cancer. These genes are
called tumor suppressor genes and
oncogenes.
etiology of cancer 2

3. Mutations that occur after birth:
Most gene mutations that cause
cancer occur after birth and are not
inherited. These mutations can be
caused by exposure to carcinogens,
such as tobacco smoke, ultraviolet
radiation, and certain chemicals
etiology of cancer 3

4. Lifestyle Factors
•Tobacco use: Tobacco use is the single largest
preventable cause of cancer. It is responsible for about 30%
of all cancer deaths in the United States.
•Diet: A diet high in processed meats, red meat, and
unhealthy fats can increase your risk of cancer. Conversely,
a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help
reduce your risk.
•Physical inactivity: Physical inactivity is a risk factor
for several types of cancer, including colon cancer, breast
cancer, and endometrial cancer.
•Alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol consumption
can increase your risk of developing several types of
cancer, including mouth cancer, throat cancer, esophageal
cancer, liver cancer, and breast cancer.
•Obesity: Obesity is a risk factor for many types of
cancer, including colon cancer, breast cancer, endometrial
cancer, pancreatic cancer, and kidney cancer.
etiology of cancer 4

5. Environmental Factors
•Sun exposure: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the
sun is a major risk factor for skin cancer.
•Radiation exposure: Exposure to high levels of
ionizing radiation, such as from X-rays, gamma
rays, and radon gas, can increase your risk of
developing cancer.
•Carcinogens: Carcinogens are substances that can
cause cancer. They are found in many places,
including tobacco smoke, air pollution, and some
workplaces.
•Infectious agents: Some viruses and bacteria can
cause cancer. For example, the human
papillomavirus (HPV) is a major risk factor for
cervical cancer.
etiology of cancer 5

6. cancer incidence
Cancer incidence refers to the
number of new cases of cancer
diagnosed in a population over a
specific period. It's a key metric for
understanding the burden of cancer.
etiology of cancer 6

7. •Globally, cancer is a leading cause of death,
•with nearly 10 million deaths attributed to it in 2020
•[World Health Organization (WHO)].
•Incidence rates vary depending on factors like
1.geography,
2.Age
3.lifestyle habits.
etiology of cancer 7

8. some resources for exploring
cancer incidence data:
•Globally:The Global Cancer Observatory
([Global Cancer Observatory]) provides the latest
estimates of cancer incidence and mortality
worldwide.
The Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention (CDC) offers data
on US cancer incidence through the
United States Cancer Statistics
(Cancer Data and Statistics | CDC -
Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention).
etiology of cancer 8

9. define cancer, understand where
cancer starts , identify the most
common types of cancer, and identify
the risk factors common types of
cancer.
etiology of cancer 9