Cancer Prevention

Cancer Prevention

1. CANCER

2. Cancer is a large group of diseases (over 200) characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells.* What Is Cancer? * American Cancer Society, Cancer Facts and Figures 2005

3. Normal Cells Vs. Cancer Cells Cancer cells: Lose control over growth and multiplication Do not self-destruct when they become worn out or damaged Crowd out healthy cells

4. TYPES OF TUMORS

5. Growth of Cancer Cells Size of cancer cells: One million cancer cells = head of a pin One billion cancer cells = a small grape 2 30 = 1,073,741,824 = 1 billion cells 2-6 weeks Cancer cells reproduce every 2-6 weeks. 2-6 weeks 2-6 weeks

6. What Causes Cancer? Lifestyle Environment Family History

7. Environmental factors Tobacco Alcohol Dietary Factors Occupational exposures Viruses Parasites Customs ,habits, Lifestyles Others – sunlight, pollution, drugs Genetic Eg Retinoblastoma in Children Leukemia in Mongols CAUSES OF CANCER

8. Lifestyle Risks Smoking Diet high fat and low in fruits and vegetables Lack of exercise Unprotected exposure to the sun, (UV) rays Obesity

9. Environmental Risks Second hand smoke Air pollution Industrial pollution Chemical exposures

10. Inherited Risks Less than 15% of cancers are inherited Gene mutations are linked to some inherited cancers Cancers that may be caused by inherited gene mutations are: Colon cancer Breast cancer Ovarian Prostate cancer Skin cancer

11. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Early cancer no symptoms Change in bowel habits or bladder functions Sores that do not heal Unusual bleeding or discharge Lumps or thickening of breast or other parts of the body Indigestion or difficulty swallowing Recent change in wart or mole Persistent coughing or hoarseness

12. TYPES OF CANCER lung cancer Breast cancer Colon and rectal cancer Endometrial cancer Pancreatic cancer Kidney cancer Prostrate cancer Thyroid cancer leukemia

13. Factors Believed to Contribute to Global Causes of Cancer

14. DIAGNOSIS Screening Self examinations Biopsy X-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, PET scans, and ultrasound scans  Molecular diagnostic test

15. TREATMENTS Surgery Radiotherapy Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Hormone therapy Gene therapy Cancer-specific immune system cells to treat cancer

16. EPIDEMOLOGY OF CANCER

17. Preventive measures of C ancer physical activities avoiding obesities healthy dietary practices reducing occupational and environmental exposures reducing alcohol uses immunization against hepatitis B virus safe sexual practices for avoiding cancer genesis

18. Fruits and Vegetables Decrease Cancer Risks Cancer rates could decline by up to 20% if everyone consumed 5 fruits and vegetables a day!* Cancer fighting substances: Antioxidants Dietary fiber Carotenoids Flavenoids *American Institute for Cancer Research, 1998.

19. Limit Alcohol to No More Than Avoid alcohol drinking Use of unnecessary drugs Protect relationship--- disease is NOT a friend

20. Avoid Smoking or Chewing Tobacco Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death Second hand smoke affects everyone

21. Screening Tests and Self-exams Screening tests: Colon Breast Cervical Prostate Self-exams: Testicular Skin

22. Why Screening Tests? The treatment of cancer is most successful when the cancer is detected as early as possible, often before symptoms occur.

23. Good News! Other Ways to Reduce the Risks of Developing Cancer…

24. Bangladesh Bangladesh has reduced child mortality by 71% against 2015 MDGs target of 66%. Non- Communicable diseases (NCD) are major disease burden on health systems. Cancer, Cardiovascular , Kidney disease s are following the top 10 list Urban pop will need more comprehensive and specialized services L ack of specialized health facilities and trained professionals that complicated health services Patients are ready to pay for quality services

25. Global Mortality Projections, 2004 to 2030 WHO Global Burden of Disease 2004 Report

26. Thank You