cancer tratment by using nanotechnology.pptx

cancer treatment by using nanotechnology

1. Cancer Nanotechnology: A New Revolution for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy

2. Contents INTRODUCTION NANOTECHNOLOGY IN CANCER DIAGNOSIS NANOTECHNOLOGY IN CANCER THERAPY NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THERAGNOSIS OF CANCER CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUTION Cancer is the second leading cause of human death worldwide with an expected 7.6 million people die every year which represents 13% of total deaths Current situation of cancer prevalence will be worse in near future and the cancer-related mortality is expected to increase 13.1 million till 2030. Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell multiplication and absence of cell death which, ultimately produces an unusual cell mass i.e. tumor

4. nano oncology is one of the budding treatment approaches that possess the potential to combat cancer. a subdivision of nanomedicine, involves the use of nanotechnology in administration and treatment of cancer. Advancement in nanotechnology has extended its application in various areas of biomedical science

5. The present review article summarizes the application of various nanotechnologies-based approaches towards the diagnostics and therapeutics of cancer.

6. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN CANCER DIAGNOSIS Most of the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies against cancer were developed to check the growth and division of cancer cells. In the treatment of cancer most important is its early and accurate diagnosis which is in general done by Computed Tomography (CT) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) ultrasound etc

7. Nanotechnology Tools Used in Cancer Diagnosis NIR Quantum Dots Nanoshells Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles

8. NIR Quantum Dots To overcome the problem of imaging, scientists have made quantum dots which fluoresce in the near infrared spectra 700–1000 nm more appropriate for in vivo imaging of cancer in tissues like intestine, liver pancreas and lymphatic tissue

9. Nanoshells 10–300 nm size dielectric core made up of silica covered by a thin metal shell Generally gold convert Plasmon-mediated electrical energy into light flexible to optical tunning with an emission/absorption array from the UV to the infrared Nanoshells are attractive their imaging is free from the heavy metal toxicity. problems with nanoshell is its large size

10. Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles most attractive classes of agent in cancer diagnosis. due to the clearance of gold to use for treatment of human disease ease of synthesis act as contrast agents by scattering visible light in vitro samples used in conjugation with antibodies for biopsies and identification of cervical and pancreatic cancers Can be used for photoacoustic tomography

11. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN CANCER THERAPY Tools of Nanotechnology for Cancer Therapy Drug Targeting Approaches for Cancer Therapy Application of Nanotechnology in Conventional Cancer Therapy

12. Tools of Nanotechnology for Cancer Therapy Various vehicles have been developed so far, including Liposomes Carbon nanotubes etc

13. Liposomes ≥400nm sized vesicle composed of phospholipids act as a carrier for drug targeting due to their unique potential to solubilize the water-insoluble organic substances and thus suitable for treatment of various diseases and cancer In liposomes, the inclusion of drugs in the membrane is associated with various advantage protection of drugs from degradation easy delivery to the targeted site

14. A vast number of anti-cancer drugs are available in the market and in clinical development Doxil Liposomal doxorubin LipoDox Alternated of doxil CPX351 liposomal combination of cytarabine and daunorubicin showed promising results in the phase III clinical trial of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients

15. Carbon Nanotubes can be divided into two classes single-walled CNTs (SWNTs) consist of a single sheet of cylindrical graphene multiwalled CNTs (MWNTs) consist of several concentric graphene sheets The physical and chemical properties of CNTs are associated with structure, surface area, mechanical strength, metallic behaviour , electrical and thermal conductivity and ultra-lightweight

16. Drug Targeting Approaches for Cancer Therapy Active Targeting Passive Targeting

17. Active targeting type of targeting usually rely on ligand-receptor interaction, in which nanoparticles possess ligand that specifically binds to the receptor present on tumor cell surface decreases nonspecific interaction by conferring the strong ligand-receptor binding to deliver the drug in peripheral tissues In one of the study, mice treated with free Doxil and Doxil coupled with antibody F5 conjugated PEG demonstrated a rapid and significant loss in tumor volume in Doxil conjugated F5 treated mice compared to free Doxil treated mice

18. Passive targeting diffusion-mediated transport of drugs involves the preparation of a drug carrier complex The drug carrier complex circulates in the blood stream and to be taken to the target receptor Various properties of drug carrier complex such as molecular weight, surface charge, hydrophobic or hydrophilic nature of the surface and its size are key for efficient passive targeting of drugs

19. Application of Nanotechnology in Conventional Cancer Therapy Photothermal Therapy Gene therapy

20. Photothermal therapy controlled and effective cancer therapy involves photothermal agent for selective heating of the target malignant area causes thermal damage of tumor photothermal agents are either metal nanoparticles natural chromophores light absorbing dyes

21. electromagnetic energies such as microwaves and radiowaves cause cellular damage like the denaturation of protein and membrane, thus ultimate results in cell death specifically targets the tumor cells

22. Gene therapy Modifies a person's genes to treat or cure disease. different approaches of cancer gene therapy involve gene silencing approach using siRNA/shRNA miRNA mediated gene therapy approach suicide gene therapy approach

23. Nanotechnology in theragnosis of cancer budding concept in cancer nanotechnology is highly beneficial to both clinicians and patients involves diagnosis test and targeted therapy simultaneously in one integrated system nanotechnology has been established as a potential tool in cancer theragnosis Various nanoparticles including gold nanoparticle, silver nanoparticle, and Chitosanbased Nanoparticle (CNPs) etc. have been developed into multimodal theragnostic nanoparticles having the properties of targeting, imaging and therapeutics.

24. Like the nanoparticles, theragnostic NPs are delivered to tumors by active and passive targeting theragnostic NPs could contribute to the determination of patient-specific optimum anti-cancer drug dosage and monitor the tumor growth as well

25. Conclusion Use of nanomaterials in different fields of science, engineering and technology has become very popular for last few decades nanoparticles are being used extensively in biomedical research as a drug delivery system or as a therapy approach use of nanotechnology in cancer diagnostics and therapy has opened the avenue for new research area i.e. nano-oncology nano-oncology has opened an infinite way to search and design drug and drug delivery system for treatment of cancer. A continuous and extensive research in nano-oncology will establish it as a prominent cancer therapy approach in near future