Candidiasis is fungal infection that.pptx

Candidiasis

1. Topic Name:Candidiasis Name : Suthar Khushi Y. Class : B.sc microbiology sem- 5 Roll no : 5526 HOD : Dr. Krishna ma’ am College : Sir p.t. science college modasa

2. Content:- Introduction Types Causes Pathogenesis Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

3. Introduction:- Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by Candida species , most commonly Candida albicans. It is an opportunistic infection , meaning it usually occurs when the body’s natural defenses or normal balance of microorganisms are disturbed. Causative Agent :- Candida albicans is the most common species, but other species like Candida galbrata , Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei can also cause infection.

4. Types of candidiasis:- Cutaneous candidiasis:- Cutaneous means skin. A cutaneous candidiasis infection causes red, raised patches to form in the folds of your skin, like in your underarms, under your breasts and near your buttocks(diaper rash).

5. 2. Nail Candidiasis:- Nail candidiasis is an infection in your nail folds or cuticles. It causes redness, pain and swelling around your nails.In severe causes , your nail plate may separate form your nail bed.

6. 3. Oral Candidiasis(Thrush):- Thrush is an infection that affects your mouth,throat , tongue or esophagus. It causes raised , white sores to develop along with mouth pain, irritation and redness.

7. 4.Vaginal Candidiasis (vaginal yeast infection):- Vaginal candidiasis is a common infection that causes burning itching and redness in your vulva and changes to your vaginal discharge. A vaginal yeast infection is a type of vaginitis.

8. 5. Invasive candidiasis:- A serious type of candidiasis is called invasive candidiasis. Invasive candidiasis is a life-threatening infection that occurs when Candida gets into your bloodstream and spreads to your internal organs. It most often affects people in hospitals and people with weakened immune systems.

9. Causes:- Being immunocompromised . Eating foods high in refined carbohydrates, sugar or yeast. Experiencing hormonal changes, like pregnancy or menopause. Feeling stressed. Having certain medical conditions, including cancer , diabetes and HIV/AIDS .

10. Pathogenesis 1. Colonization Candida species are the part of normal flora on skin , mouth , gut and vagina. 2.Disruption of Normal Flora Use of antibiotics or immunosuppressants disrupts bacterial balance , allowing Candida to overgrow. 3.Adherence to Host cells Candida adheres to epithelial cells using surface proteins. 4.Hyphal Formation Yeast converts to hyphal (filamentous) form, which is more invasive. 5. Dissemination(in severe cases) In immunocompromised patients, Candida may entre the bloodstream and spread to organs(systemic candidiasis).

11. Diagnosis:- 1. Clinical Evaluation Medical History:- Checking for risk factors like recent antibiotic use, diabetes , immunosuppression (e.g., HIV , cancer therapy). Physical Examination:- Observation of affected areas – white patches , redness , itching , swelling or discharge. 2. Sample Collection Swabs or scrapings from infected areas (oral , skin , nails , vaginal ). Blood or urine samples in systemic infections. Biopsy in severe or resistant cases.

12. 3. Laboratory Tests Microscopic Examination(e.g;Gram staining) Culture Test Germ Tube Test Molecular Test(e.g; PCR) Serological Test 4. Other Diagnostic Tools Endoscopy Imaging(CT , MRI)

13. Treatment:- 1. Antifungle Medications Topical antifungal: Clotrimazole , Miconazole , Nystatin. Oral antifungal : Fluconazole , Itraconazole. 2.Oral Candidiasis(Thrush) Nystatin mouthwash or lozenges Clotrimazole troches Oral Fluconazole ( for resistant cases) 3. Cutaneous(skin) Candidiasis Apply antifungal creams or powders Keep skin dry and clean

14. 4. Nail Candidiasis Oral antifungals(Itraconazole , Fluconazole) for several weeks. Topical antifungal nail solutions 5. Vaginal Candidiasis Topical antifungal creams(Clotrimazole , Miconazole). Single oral dose of Fluconazole Maintain proper vaginal hygiene 6. Invasive Candidiasis Hospitalization required Intravenous antifungals (Amphotericin B , Caspofungin) Monitor blood and organ functions

15. Prevention:- Maintaining good physical and oral hygiene Managing your stress Reducing the amount of refined carbohydrates and sugar you eat Talking with your healthcare provider about medications you’re taking Treating current medical conditions

16. Questions:- Name of the most common causative agent of candidiasis. What type of organism is Candida? Which part of body dose candidiasis commonly affect? What is oral candidiasis also known as? How is candidiasis treated?

17. THANK YOU!