CANOPY MANAGEMENT IN FRUIT CROPS.ppt

Canopy management in fruit crop, Horticulture, Canopy

1. COURSE SEMINAR
ON
Venue- SeminarHall
“CANOPY MANAGEMENT IN FRUIT CROPS ”
By
MahendraChaudharystudent of M.Sc. (Ag.) Horticulture
Id No. - H.F .-6973/12
Date - 18/06/2013
Chairmam-
Time - 3:00 PM
Dr. BhagwanDeen
Associate Professor
Department of Horticulture
Dr.H.K.Singh
Professor&Head
DepartmentofHorticulture

2. CONTENTS
•INTRODUCTION
•WHAT IS CANOPY MANAGEMENT
•PRINCIPLES OF CANOPY MANAGEMENT
•OBJECTIVES OF CANOPY MANAGEMENT
•TECHNIQUES OF CANOPY MANAGEMENT
•PRUNING METHODS
•METHODS OF TRAINING
•CANOPY MANAGEMENT IN GRAPE
•CANOPY MANAGEMENT IN GUAVA
•CANOPY MANAGEMENT IN MANGO
•ADVANTAGES OF PROPER CANOPY MANAGEMENT
•CONCLUSION

3. Canopymanagementisthemanipulation
oftreecanopytooptimizeitsproduction
potentialwithexcellentqualityfruits.
Inmanyfruitcrops,increasein
productionwithenhancedfruitqualityis
obtainedbymanagingcanopiesofshort
staturedtrees.
Smalltreescaptureandconvertsunlight
intofruitproductioninabetterwaythan
largerones.
INTRODUCTION

4. A series of
operations on the
above ground
portion of the
tree, aiming
towards
maximized
production of
quality fruits per
unit canopy area.
CANOPY MANAGEMENT ?

5. Principles of Canopy
Management
Maximumutilizationofthelight.
Avoidanceofthebuildupmicro-climate
congenialforthediseasesandpestinfestation.
Convenienceincarryingoutthecultural
operations.
Maximizingtheproductivityandquality.
Economyinobtainingtherequiredcanopy
architecture.

6. To restore shoot: root ratio.
To obtain specific form of the tree.
To develop specific geometry within the
tree and its overall topology.
To maintain optimum balance between
vegetative and reproductive parts.
Controlling the size of the plant to harness
the maximum productivity.
Objective of Canopy
Management

7. Selecting appropriate planting
system.
Initial frame development
Training the plants with open
centre.
Centre opening of grown up
trees.
Allow the canopy to grow
horizontally.
Pruning of the shoots and
excessive growth.
Steps of Canopy Management

8. Use of dwarfing rootstocks.
Pruning .
Training.
Use of growth retardants.
Techniques of Canopy
Management

9. Fruitcrops Rootstocks
Grape SaltCreek,Dogridge,Temple,Gloria.
Avocado WestIndianAvocado,MexicanAvocado.
Ber Zizyphusnummularia.
Bael Aeglefraeglegaboensis.
Mango Vellaikolumban.
Guava Aneuploidno.82.
Dwarfing Rootstocks

10. oHeading back
oThinning out
oRinging or girdling
oNotching
oNicking
Pruning Methods

11. Effect of Effect of Heading Cuts Effect of ThiningCuts

12. Methods of Training

14. Crop Chemical Role
Litchi
PBZ 5ml/m
2 Reduce tree
growth
Grape
B-9 2000 ppmor
thiourea2000 ppm
Enhance fruit bud
differentiation.
Citrus CCC 3000 ppm.
Enhance
flowering, sex
ratio and fruit set.
Ber NAA 10 ppm
Increases fruit set
and TSS
Growth retardants

15. Canopy Management of some
Fruit Crops

16. Canopy of grapevine includes parts of vine visible above
the ground: trunk, cordons, stems, shoots, leaves,
flowers and fruits.
The canopy is often managed on trellis by training,
pruning and leaf removal to adjust its growth, and assist
ongoing management and harvesting.
The height of trunk varies depending on variety and
type of trellis system being used, and can range from 0.6
m for vine grapes to 1.3 m for table grapes.
Canopy Management in Grape

17. Head system
Kniffin system
Telephone system/overhead trellis system
Bower system
Training Methods For Grapevines

18. LOW CORDON
Single Curtain Training System
HIGH CORDON
Suitable for cultivars with
trailing
Or Downward Growth Habit.
Suitable for cultivars
with
Upright Growth Habit.

19. First dormant pruning
Establish the straight trunk.
2nd Growing Season
Establish the Cordon and increase root area.
2nd Dormant Pruning
Establish Fruiting cordon.
3rd Growing Season
Rub off any shoots developing on the trunk.
Prune off any suckers developing.
Time to think about Balanced Pruning!
Pruning of grapevines

20. Pruning of Mature Vines
AfterBefore

21. Poorcanopymanagementreducedbudfertilityand
fruitquality,increasedflowerabscissionand
inflorescencebunchnecrosis(Kobletetal.,1997).
Theappropriatemethodtomanagethecanopyin
grapevinesistodevelopdiageotropiccanopiesand
increasethefruitfulnessofthebudsand
consequentlythecluster:caneratio(Shikhamany,
1988).
Findings in Grape Canopy Management
Practices

22. Thinningandethephonapplicationadvanced
harvestdatesby5-8and2-3days,respectively,
berryweightwasincreasedbythinningbutnot
affectedbyleafremovalorethephonapplication
(FitzgeraldandPatterson,1994).
Commonlyusedcanopymanagementpractices
consistsofshootpositioning,suckering,lateral
removalandtoppingsignificantlyincreasedthe
sugarcontentofgrapecultivars‘Sippon’and
‘Zametokva’(Cusetal.,2004).
Contd.

23. Canopy Management in Guava
•Theperfectideotypeofguavaiscanopysizeshouldbe
dwarf,spreading,largertrunkandopen
•Thetreesizecanbecontrolledbyuseofdwarfimparting
rootstockslikeP.pumilum(EdwardandShankar,1964)
andAneuploid82(Sharmaetal.,1985)
•Triploidguavawasfoundtoincreasethevigourof
AllahabadSafeda(Prasad,1966)

24. Morethan833to2700treesha
-1
canbeaccommodated
inguavaunderHDP,theyieldvary18-58.3tonnesha
-1
,
respectively(Kalraetal.,1994)
•FromCISH,Lucknowsuperintensivesystemor
meadoworchardingforguavawhichaccommodates
5,000treesha
-1
at1.0mX2.0mcoupledwithregular
toppingandhedginghavebeenfoundquite
encouraging(Singh,2005)
Contd…

26. Meadow System of Planting

27. CultivarAmrapallicouldbeplantedat2.5mX2.5mwitha
densityof1600plantsha
-1
(MajumdarandSharma,1985)
RamandSirohi(1985)suggestedplantingdistanceof3.0m
X2.5mforDasheharimangowhichgaveayieldof24.3to
94.3quintalha
-1
OnyearDasheharimangotreesprunedinJuly,Augustand
Decemberincreasedthepanicleonshoot,hermaphrodite
flowers,controlmalformation,fruityieldandquality
However,offyeartreesneedtobeprunedtoincreasenew
shootproductionandmorevegetativegrowth(Swaroopet
al.,2001)

28. •Maintenance of plant health
•Increased productivity (per unit area)
•Sustained high yields
•Improved fruit quality
•Regularity in crop bearing
•Facilitate intercultural operations
•Open to light and air
•Reduction in cost of cultivation

29. Conclusion
Canopy management is for
To achieve regular yield
High fruit quality
Extend orchard’s life span