Capsule and its filling methods

It contains capsule it's types and pellets also there advantages.

1. C a p s u le f i l l i n g m e t h o d s a n d p e l l ets - B y S n e h a l D a r e kar F i n a l y e a r B . p h a r m H . S . B . P . V . T . K a s h t i

2. .Feton capsule filling -With empty capsule in the loader tray, the tray placed on top of the filler unit -The loader inserts the capsule into the filling unit and is removed and the top plate is lifted to separate the caps from the bodies. -The powder is placed on the unit and the capsule bodies filled. The top plate is returned to the unit and the caps placed on filled capsules bodies. Ex.Profill100 -

3. Profill 100- the profill 100 capsule filling machine utilizes on advanced design for fool-proof manual filling of two –piece capsule.with the profill100 machine,there is no need for expensive capsule filling equipment and electrical connection .

4. Powder or granules are contained in mass flow hoppers with rotating augers. Powder is fed continuously out of the hopper outlet due to the rotation of the auger -Amount of powder fed into into the body depends on the time capsule body spends underneath on the hopper outlet and auger speed. -Slower rotation increases the fill wt. INDIRECT FILLING METHODS: AUGER-FILLING PRINCIPLE

5. AUGER FILLING EQUIPMENT

6. Vibratory fill principle-in the powder,a perforated resin plate is positioned and connected to a vibrator. The powder blend tends to be fluidized by the vibration of the plate and assist the powder to flow into the bodies through the holes in resin plate INDIRECT FILLING METHOD VIBRATORY FILL PRINCIPLE

7. VIBRATION –ASSISTED FILLING

8. In this pistons pins lightly compress the individual doses of the powders into plugs and eject the plugs into empty capsule bodies. DOSATOR PRINCIPLE DOSING DISC PRINCIPLE INDIRECT FILLING METHOD PISTON TAMP PRINCIPLE

9. DOSING DISC PRINCIPLE: A solid stop brass plate is sliding down the dosing disc to close off the holes.Five sets of piston compress the powder into cavities to form plugs. DOSATOR PRINCIPLE: It consist of cylindrical dosing tube fitted with movable pistons. The position of the piston is preset to a particular heght to definite a volume. Powders entres the open end of dosator and is slightly compressed against the piston into a plugs.

10. 1.Sealing the joint between the 2 capsule parts. Sealing them with coloured bands of gelatin Through a heat welding process theat fuses the capsule cap to the body through the double wall thickness of their juncture disinctive ring around the capsules where heat welded. Liquid wetting agent that lowers the mp in the contact areas of the capsules cap and the body using low temperature Lightly coating the inner surface of the cap with a warm gelatin solution immediately prior to placement on the filled capsule body. VI. CAPSULE SEALING

11. Small amount of powder may adhere to the outside of capsule after filling. Salt polishing –cloth dusting Brushing Pan polishing Acelo-cota pan is used to dust and polish. VII. CLEANING AND POLISHING CAPSULES

12. CAPSULE POLISHING AND INSPECTION MACHINE

13. FINISHED capsules normally contain an EMC of 13-16% <12%MC,the capsule shells become brittle >18% make them too soft To maintain a relative humidity of 40-60% when handling a storing capsules. QUALI-V developed by shinonogi Qualicaps,is the first HPMC capsule developed for eventual use in pharmaceutical products. STORAGE,PACKAGING AND STABILITY

14. Visual inspection Counting Counting tray Counting or filling machine Packaging Unit dose and stip packaging Storing In a tightly closed container in a dry place INSPECTING

15. Soft capsules are collected ,washed with organic solvent to remove residues of cooling liquid,and gently dried at a relative humidity of 20% in infrared tunnel. Advantage- production of seamless capsules which are temper evident and free of contamination.

16. SOFT GEL CAPSULE

17. SOFT CAPSULE are usally formed,filled and sealed in one operation,but for extemporous use the shell may be prefabricated.The shell material may contain an active substance. Method- Plate process Globex method Rotary die method MANUFACTURING OF SOFT GEL CAPSULE

18. The basic component of soft gelatin shell is gelatin;however the shell has been plasticize The ration of dry plastisizer to dry gelatin determines the hardness of the shell and can vary from 0.3-1.0 for very hard shells to 1.0-1.8 for very soft shell Up to 55 sugar may be included to give a chewable quality to the shell The residual shell moisture content of finished capsule will be in the range of 6-10 % COMPOSITION OF THE SHELL

19. Formulation for soft gelatin capsules involves liquid rather than powder technology Material are generally formulated to produce the smallest possible consistent with maximum stability,therapeutic effectiveness and manufacture efficiency The liquids are limited to those that do not have and adverse effect on gelatin walls Emulsion can not be filled because water will be relased that will affect the shell The pH of the liquid can be between 2.5and7.5 FORMULATION

20. A warm sheet of prepared gelatin is laid over the lower plate and the liquid is poured on it A second sheet of gelatin is carefully put in place and this is followed by the top plate of the mold The set is placed under the press where pressure is applied to form the capsule which are washed off with a volatile solvent to remove ant trace of oil from exterior. METHODS FOR COMMERCIAL MANUFACTURE OF SOFT GELATIN CAPSULE 1.PLATE PROCESS

21. Liquid gelatin flowing from an overhead tank is formed into two continuous ribbons by the rotary die machine and brought together between twin rotating dies. At the same time,matered fill material is injected between the ribbons precisely at the moments that the dies form packates of the gelatin ribbons. Tha capsule is washed with organic solvent and pre-dried. ROTARY DIE METHOD

22. Filling is pumped through the inner capillary of a concentric double capillary Shell forming solution is pumped through the outer capillary of the concentric double capillary The soft capsule are then immersed in a cooling both of about 4c Cooling bath ensures immediate sol-gel transformation hence formation flexible yet firm robust outer film. 3.GLOBEX METHOD

23. Advantages –capsules can have all kind of shapes and sizes Different colors for both sides Wide variety of fills Disadvantage -high amount of shell waste material Longer drying time compared to globex method

24. Roto-fill-2 lakh capsule/day Acco-fill-75000 capsule/day Roto –wt Roto –sort-150000 capsule/day RECENT FILLING EQUIPMENTS

25. What is pellets? Small free flowing spherical units ranging in size,prepared by agglomeration of fine powders called pellets. Their size and shape allow their administration as injections and also for oral drug delivery Pellets range in size typically between 0.5-1.5mm though other sizes could be prepared PHARMACEUTICAL PELLETS

26. Taste masking- micropellets are ideal for product where perfect abatement of taste is required.pellets provide the masking of unpleasant taste without lowering bioavailability especially for oral product. Immediate release- administation drugs in pellet form leads to an increase surface area as compared to traditional compressed tablets and capsule. WHY PELLETS?

27. Improved aesthetic appearance of the product Coating of drug pellets with different polymers to achieve controlled release rate of drug For immediate release product large surface area of the pellets enables better disrtibution dissolution and absoption Improves the flow property. ADVANTAGES