Carbohydrates and Classification of Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates and Classification of Carbohydrates

1. CARBOHYDRATES
Ms. Ashwini P. Chaudar
PES Modern College of
Pharmacy,Moshi

2. Introduction
Carbohydratesarepolyhydroxyaldehydesorketonesorcompounds
derivedfromtheirhydrolysis.
Carbohydratesarethemostabundantorganicconstituentsofplants.
Theyarethemajorsourceofchemicalenergyforlivingorganism(e.g.
Sugars&Starch).
Itcompassedofcarbon,HydrogenandOxygen.
Thegeneralmolecularformulaofcarbohydratesisc(H2O).Starchand
cellulosearetwocommoncarbohydrates.

3. Classification of Carbohydrates

4. Structure of Glucose and Fructose

5. Carbohydratesthatcannotbehydrolysedtosimpler
compoundarecalledMonosaccharide.
Monosaccharaideshavetheonesugarmolecule.
Eg.Glucose,Fructose
Monosaccharides

6. Carbohydrates that give two monomeric units on
hydrolysis are called Disaccharides.
We can say two monosaccharides forms disaccharides
and it is linked by glycosidic bond.
Eg. Maltose, Sucrose, Lactose.
Disaccharides

7. Carbohydrates that give many monosaccharide on
hydrolysis are called polysaccharides.
They have ten or more sugar molecules.
Polysaccharides are made-up of one or different types of
sugars.
Eg. Starch, Glycogen
Polysaccharides

8. Carbohydrates are important constituents of the cell structures
in the form of glycolipid, glycoprotein, heparin, cellulose, starch,
Glycogen.
Carbohydrates serve as an important source and store of
energy.
Maintaining blood glucose level and providing energy.
Splitting up of fatty acids in order to prevent ketosis.
Biological recognition processes.
Flavouring and Sweetening agent.
Fibre diet.
Functions of Carbohydrates