Cardiac murmur

Cardiac murmur is an abnormal heart sounds. can be heard with stethoscope or auscultation. the etiology of the cardiac murmur may be septal defect, valvular defects or vascular defects. the two main causes that lead to cardiac murmur, like stenosis and incompetence.

1. Cardiac Murmur Prep: Amen Ullah Lecturer Surgical 12/26/2018 1 [email protected]

2. Cardiac Murmur Cardiac murmur is the abnormal or unusual heart sound. It is also called abnormal heart sound or cardiac bruit. Cardiac murmur is heard by stethoscope, along with normal heart sounds. Cardiac murmur is heard by placing chest piece of stethoscope over the auscultatory areas. Murmur due to disease of a particular valve is heard well over the auscultatory area of that valve. Sometimes , the murmur is felt by palpation as ‘thrills’. In some patients, murmur is heard without any aid, even at a distance of few feet away from the patient. 12/26/2018 2 [email protected]

3. Causes of Murmur Normally, blood flows in streamline through the heart and blood vessels. However, during abnormal conditions like valvular diseases , the blood flow becomes turbulent. It produces the cardiac murmur. Murmur is produced because of Valvular Diseases, Septal Defects Vascular Defects 12/26/2018 3 [email protected]

4. Valvular Diseases Valvular diseases are of two types: 1. Stenosis 2. Incompetence 12/26/2018 4 [email protected]

5. 1. Stenosis Stenosis means narrowing of heart valve. Blood flows rapidly with turbulence through the narrow orifice of the valve, resulting in murmur. 2. Incompetence Incompetence refers to weakening of the heart valve. When the valve becomes weak, it cannot close properly. It causes back flow of blood, resulting in turbulence. This disease is also called regurgitation or valvular insufficiency. 12/26/2018 5 [email protected]

6. CLASSIFICATION OF MURMUR Cardiac murmur is classified into three types: A. Systolic murmur B. Diastolic murmur C. Continuous murmur. 12/26/2018 6 [email protected]

7. SYSTOLIC MURMUR Systolic murmur is the murmur which is produced during systole . It is produced in the following conditions : 1. Incompetence of Atrioventricular Valves 2. Stenosis of Semilunar Valves 3. Murmur due to Anemia 4. Septal Defect 5. Coarctation of Aorta 12/26/2018 7 [email protected]

8. DIASTOLIC MURMUR Diastolic murmur is the murmur that is produced during diastole. It is produced in the following conditions : 1. Stenosis of Atrioventricular Valves 2. Incompetence of Semilunar Valves 12/26/2018 8 [email protected]

9. CONTINUOUS MURMUR Patent Ductus Arteriosus 12/26/2018 9 [email protected]

10. Causes for cardiac murmur Type of murmur Causes Type of murmur Causes Systolic murmur 1. Incompetence of atrioventricular valves 2. Stenosis of semilunar valves 3. Anemia 4. Septal defect 5. Coarctation of aorta Diastolic murmur 1. Stenosis of atrioventricular valves 2. Incompetence of semilunar valves Continuous murmur 1. Patent ductus arteriosus 12/26/2018 10 [email protected]

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