Cardiomyopathy

1. CARDIOMYOPATHY Prepared By: Mihir Patel Lecturer,Joitiba College of Nursing,Bhandu .

2. Definition Cardiomyopathy constitutes a group of diseases that directly affect the structural or functional ability of the myocardium. OR Cardiomyopathy is an enlargement of the heart Muscle.

3. Types of Cardiomyopathy The World Health Organization has classified into three major Types: 1.Dilated Cardiomyopathy 2.Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 3.Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

4. Cont….. 1.Dilated Cardiomyopathy In the dilated cardiomyopathy the size of the ventricular cavity enlarges with reduced cardiac output. Contractile function decrease as the myocardial tissues is destroyed. Blood moves slowly from the left ventricle which often result in blood clot formation.

5. Cont… 2.Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is the enlargement of the cardiac muscle wall often of the septum and left ventricle. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy causes the ventricular wall to be rigid which decrease ventricular filling.

6. Cont…. 3.Restrictive Cardiomyopathy Restrictive cardiomyopathy impairs ventricle stretch and limits ventricular filling. Cardiac muscle stiffness is present with no ventricular dilation.

7. Causes/Etiology 1.Dilated Cardiomyopathy Genetics Infectious Myocarditis Hypertension Heart Valve Disorders Myocardial Infraction Chronic Alcohol/ Cocaine Use Neuromuscular Disorders

8. Cont…. 2.Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Genetic Factors Hereditary Disorders 3.Restrictive Cardiomyopathy Amyloidosis Radiation to the thorax Endocardial Fibrosis

9. Pathophysiology Dilated Cardiomyopathy Hypertrophic Left Ventricular Restrictive Cardiomyopathy Function impaired Cardiomyopathy Blood Stasis in Heart Chambers Heart Failure

10. Clinical Manifestation 1.Dilated Cardiomyopathy Decreased exercise capacity Fatigue, Dyspnea Orthopnea Irregular heart rate Abnormal S3 and S4 Jugular Venous Distension Hepatomegaly Murmur

11. Cont… 2.Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Fatigue Anginal Pain Syncope Atrial Fibrillation Ventricular Fibrillation 3.Restrictive Cardiomyopathy Fatigue, Exercise Tolerance, Dyspnea, Syncope, Orthopnea, Palpitation, Hepatomegaly, Jugular Venous Distension.

12. Diagnostic Evaluation History Collection Physical Examination Chest X-ray ECG Cardiac Catheterization Blood Test Echocardiography CT Scan Endocardial Biopsy

13. Management Medical Management Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Beta Blockers Diuretics Digoxin Surgical Management Myectomy (Hypertrophied Muscle) Cardiac Transplant Surgical Correction

14. Nursing Management Maintain Normal Cardiac Function, Increasing activity tolerance, relieve anxiety. Monitor for any complication Monitoring vital signs and symptoms of heart failure. Advice to take proper nutrition Provide emotional support and relieve anxiety Avoid the sternous exercise and dehydration