Cardiovascular Diseases

Cardiovascular Diseases

1. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE Presented by Lisa Panchal 21MHY1061 NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

2. TREATMENT INTRODUCTION TABLE OF CONTENTS CAUSES/ RISK FACTORS PREVENTION SYMPTOMS TYPES 1 2 3 4 5 6 NEXT PREV

3. INTRODUTION 1 NEXT PREV Cardiovascular disease is a group of diseases affecting your heart and blood vessels. These diseases can affect one or many parts of your heart and/or blood vessels. A person may be symptomatic (physically experiencing the disease) or asymptomatic (not feeling anything at all). Cardiovascular disease includes heart or blood vessel issues, including: Narrowing of the blood vessels in your heart, other organs or throughout your body. Heart and blood vessel problems present at birth. Heart valves that aren’t working right. Irregular heart rhythms.

4. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally. An estimated 17.9 million people died from CVDs in 2019, representing 32% of all global deaths. Of these deaths, 85% were due to heart attack and stroke. NEXT PREV INTRODUTION

5. Out of the 17 million premature deaths (under the age of 70) due to noncommunicable diseases in 2019, 38% were caused by CVDs. Most cardiovascular diseases can be prevented by addressing behavioral risk factors such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet and obesity, physical inactivity and harmful use of alcohol. It is important to detect cardiovascular disease as early as possible so that management with counselling and medicines can begin. INTRODUCTION NEXT PREV

6. SYMPTOMS OF THE CVD Light headedness or dizziness NEXT PREV Nausea or vomiting Chest Pain (angina) Shortness of breath ( Dyspnea ) Numbness in your face or a limb. Fatigue and Exhaustion.

7. TYPES OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES 3 NEXT PREV

8. There are many different types of cardiovascular diseases, including but not limited to: Arrhythmia: Problem with your heart’s electrical conduction system, which can lead to abnormal heart rhythms or heart rates. Valve disease: Tightening or leaking in your heart valves (structures that allow blood to flow from one chamber to another chamber or blood vessel). Coronary artery disease: Problem with your heart’s blood vessels, such as blockages. Heart failure: Problem with heart pumping/relaxing functions, leading to fluid buildup and shortness of breath. Peripheral artery disease: Issue with the blood vessels of your arms, legs or abdominal organs, such as narrowing or blockages. NEXT PREV TYPES OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

9. Aortic disease: Problem with the large blood vessel that directs blood from your heart to your brain and the rest of your body, such as dilatation or aneurysm. Congenital heart disease: Heart issue that you’re born with, which can affect different parts of your heart. Pericardial disease: Problem with the lining of your heart, including pericarditis and pericardial effusion. Cerebrovascular disease: Issue with the blood vessels that deliver blood to your brain, such as narrowing or blockages. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): Blockage in your veins, vessels that bring blood back from your brain/body to your heart. NEXT PREV TYPES OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

10. CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS OF CVD 4 NEXT PREV

11. RISK FACTORS MODIFIABLE Tobacco use (including vaping) Lack of physical activity. Having excess weight or obesity. Diet high in sodium, sugar and fat. Overuse of alcohol. Misuse of prescription or recreational drugs. Poor diet Uncontrolled diabetes High LDL NON- MODIFIABLE Age Gender Genetics Menopause Race NEXT PREV

12. DIAGNOSIS AND TESTS 5 NEXT PREV

13. DIAGNOSIS AND TESTS Blood work   Ankle brachial index (ABI) Electrocardiogram (EKG)   measures substances that indicate cardiovascular health, such as cholesterol, blood sugar levels and specific proteins compares the blood pressure in your ankles and arms to diagnose peripheral artery disease. records your heart’s electrical activity. Ambulatory monitoring Echocardiogram   Ultrasound  uses wearable devices that track your heart rhythm and rates. uses sound waves to create an image of your heartbeat and blood flow . uses sound waves to check blood flow in your legs or neck. NEXT PREV

14. DIAGNOSIS AND TESTS NEXT PREV Cardiac computerized tomography (CT)   uses X-rays and computer processing to create 3D images of your heart and blood vessels. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) MR angiogram or CT angiogram  Cardiac catheterization uses an MRI or CT, respectively, to see blood vessels in your legs, head and neck. uses magnets and radio waves to create highly detailed images of your heart. uses X-rays and computer processing to create 3D images of your heart and blood vessels. uses a catheter (thin, hollow tube) to measure pressure and blood flow in your heart.

15. TREATMENT 5 NEXT PREV

16. TREATMENT NEXT PREV Examples include changing your diet, increasing your aerobic activity and quitting smoking or tobacco products (including vaping). Mercury is the smallest planet Lifestyle changes Despite Your healthcare provider may prescribe medications to help manage cardiovascular disease. Medication type will depend on what kind of cardiovascular disease you have. red, Mars is cold Medications You may need a monitored exercise program to help your heart get stronger Cardiac rehabilitation If medications aren’t enough, your healthcare provider may use certain procedures or surgeries to treat your cardiovascular disease. Examples include minimally invasive heart surgery, open-heart surgery, ablations or cardioversion. Procedures or surgeries You may need careful monitoring over time without medications or procedures/surgeries. Active surveillance

17. PREVENTION 6 NEXT PREV

18. PREVENTION 1 Don't smoke. Eat a diet that's low in salt and saturated fat. Get good sleep. Adults should aim for 7 to 9 hours daily Reduce and manage stress. NEXT PREV 2 3 4 5 6 7 Control high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes. Maintain a healthy weight. Exercise at least 30 minutes a day on most days of the week.

19. REFERENCES https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21493-cardiovascular-disease https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20353118 https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds) https://www.amymyersmd.com/article/ascvd-heart-disease-risk-factors NEXT PREV

20. THANK YOU NEXT PREV