Care of physically a mentally challenged

Care of physically mentally challenged people

1. Care of physically and mentally challenged

2. INTRODUCTION Handicapped child is one who deviates from normal health status either physically, mentally or socially and requires special care, treatment and education

3. DEFINITION According to WHO, the sequence of events leading to disability and handicapped conditions are as follows: Injury or disease- Impairment- Disability- Handicap. Impairment It is defined as any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function. Eg : loss of vision, hearing.

4. Disability It develops as the consequence of impairment. Eg : loss of limbs result in inability to walk. Disability is the inability to carry out certain activities which are considered as normal for the age and sex. Handicap It develops as the consequence of the disability. It is defined as a disadvantage for a given individual resulting from an impairment or a disability, that limits and prevents the fulfilment of a role which is normal for that individual, depending on age, sex, social and cultural factors.

5. Types of physically handicapped people Orthopedically handicapped Sensory handicapped Neurologically handicapped Handicapped due to any disease condition Multiple physically handicapped children Causes: congenital anomalies, genetic disorders, poliomyelitis, other communicable diseases, perinatal conditions, , infection, malnutrition, accidental injury, socio- cultural factors

6. Prevention of Handicapped Conditions in Young Children

7. Primary Prevention Genetic Counselling Educate couples about the optimum maternal age and the aspects of genetic and chromosomal problems. Encourage genetic screening for at-risk individuals to prevent inherited diseases like Down's syndrome and haemophilia . Promote health awareness to reduce consanguineous marriages. Immunization & Nutrition Enhance universal immunization coverage, emphasizing poliomyelitis and MMR. Improve maternal and child nutritional status, especially for future mothers, to prevent iodine and folic acid deficiencies. Ensure essential care during periconceptional, perinatal, and neonatal periods. Preventive Measures Avoid teratogenic agents during pregnancy. Focus on improving health awareness about preventive measures for handicapped conditions in children, addressing malnutrition, accidental injuries, etc. Photos provided by Unsplash

8. Management of Handicapped Children Early Diagnosis & Treatment Emphasize early detection through thorough history, physical examinations, and necessary investigations by MCH or school health services. This aids in identifying and treating handicapped conditions effectively. Multi-disciplinary Approach Promote a multi-disciplinary approach involving medical and surgical management, correction of deformities, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, and counseling. Provide special care and referral for required services. Disability Limitation Focus on disability limitation and rehabilitation to safeguard against or halt the progression of the disease process, thereby minimizing the impact of handicapping conditions.

9. Rehabilitation of Handicapped Children Medical Rehabilitation Include measures such as the restoration of functions by prosthesis and artificial limbs for physical restoration post-handicapped conditions. Social & Vocational Rehabilitation Enable social integration and vocational rehabilitation through specialized training, educational facilities, and community participation. Focus on psychological rehabilitation to restore personal dignity and confidence. Legislation & Support Services Address restoration of family and social relationships, educational support, livelihood opportunities, and independent living. Highlight the important role of legislation and support services in the rehabilitation process. Photos provided by Unsplash

10. Nursing Management of Handicapped Children Nursing Assessment & Diagnosis Include detailed history, physical and neurological examination, assessment of family coping, socioeconomic status, and available support facilities. Formulate nursing diagnoses related to ineffective family coping, altered nutrition, potential for infection, and more. Nursing Interventions Guide and assist parents and family members for home-based or hospital-based care. Create awareness in society about prevention of handicaps and the potential abilities in handicapped children.

11. Mental retardation: Mentally challenged is now used for the condition of mental retardation. At least 2 3 - percent of Indian population are mentally handicapped in any one form. Definition Mental Retardation is a generalized disorder, characterized by significantly impaired cognitive functioning and deficits in adaptive behaviors with onset before the age of 18.

12. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS • Impaired developmental milestones. • Deficiencies in cognitive functioning. • Reduced ability to learn or to meet academic demands. • Expressive or receptive language problems. • Psychomotor skill deficits. Difficulty performing self-care activities. Neurologic impairment Medical problems such as seizures • Low self-esteem, depression and labile moods • Irritability when frustrated or upset • Acting-out behavior • Lack of curiosity

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