CARTILAGE STRUCTURE AND ITS FUNCTION

CARTILAGE STRUCTURE AND ITS FUNCTION

1. CARTILAGE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION V.Nivash – 117012305040 M.Tech (INT)_Nanotechnology TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION

2. CONTENT: Define Cartilage Types Cartilage Hyaline cartilage structure & function Fibrocartilage structure & function Elastic cartilage structure & function

3. Cartilage is an important structural component of the body. It is a firm tissue but is softer and much more flexible than bone . Cartilage is a connective tissue found in many areas of the body including : Joints between bones e.g. the elbows, knees and ankles Ends of the ribs Between the vertebrae in the spine Ears and nose Bronchial tubes or airways CARTILAGE

4. Cartilage is made up of specialized cells called chondrocytes . These chondrocytes produce large amount of extracellular matrix composed of collagen fibres, proteoglycan , and elastin fibers . Instead, nutrients diffuse through a dense connective tissue surrounding the cartilage (called the perichondrium ) and into the core of the cartilage. <CON>

5. TYPES CARTILAGE : There are three types of cartilage; Hyaline Cartilage FibroCartilage ElasticCartilage

6. Hyaline Cartilage Where in the body is hyaline cartilage tissue Hyaline cartilage is the most abundant of the three types of cartilage. It is found in many locations in the body, including: Bronchi ,   bronchial tubes ,   costal cartilages ,   larynx (voice-box),   nose ,   trachea Covering the surface of bones at joints - especially in areas where damage due to wear may lead to osteoarthritis incl. e.g. the   ends of the long bones , and also the   anterior ends of the ribs . Embryonic skeleton   (i.e. in the fetus).

7. The Structure of hyaline cartilage tissue Hyaline cartilage consists of a bluish-white, shiny ground elastic material with a matrix of chondroitin sulphate into which many fine collagen fibrils are embedded. It contains numerous  chondrocytes .

8. The Functions of hyaline cartilage tissue Hyaline cartilage tissue provides  smooth surfaces , enabling tissues to move/slide easily over each other, e.g. facilitating smooth movements at joint . It is also provides flexibility and support.

9. Fibrocartilage Where in the body is fibrocartilage tissue Examples include : Calli  (sing.  callus ), which is the tissue formed between the ends of the bone at the site of a healing fracture (blood clot -> granulation tissue -> cartilage -> bone ); Intevertebral discs  (i.e. the discs between the vertebrae of the spine); Menisci  (cartilage pads) of the knee joint . Pubic symphysis , which is the position at which the hip bones join at the front of the body . .

10. The Structure of fibrocartilage tissue I s a tough form of cartilage that consists of chondrocytes scattered among clearly visible dense bundles of collagen fibres within the matrix. Fibrocartilage lacks a perichondrium .

11. The Functions of fibrocartilage tissue Fibrocartilage tissue provides support and rigidity to attached/surrounding structures and is the  strongest of the three types of cartilage.

12.   Elastic Cartilage Where in the body is elastic cartilage tissue ? Auditory (Eustachian) Tubes ; External Ear (Auricle) ; Epiglottis  (the lid on the top of the larynx ). The Structure of elastic cartilage tissue In elastic cartilage, which is yellowish in colour, the cartilage cells ( chondrocytes ) are located in a threadlike network of elastic fibres within the matrix of the cartilage .

13. The Functions of elastic cartilage tissue Elastic cartilages provides support to surrounding structures and helps the define and maintain the shape of the area in which it is present, .e.g . the external ear.

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