CASE STUDY IN POLITICS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

case study in politics

1. CASE STUDY POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

2. Discuss how politics, government, and governance interact with each other in your assigned country. What are the rules, regulations, and existing laws that the country has to ensure good governance and desirable politics?

3. INDIA

4. Introduction India, the world's largest democracy, manages a vast and diverse population of over 1.4 billion people. Its governance structure, rooted in democratic principles, allows for inclusive participation, decentralized power, and a system of checks and balances.

5. Introduction I ndia's government is like a team with two main parts: the central government (which handles big, national issues) and the state governments (which handle local matters). This setup helps each state make its own decisions on local things while still being part of one big country. It's like having rules for the whole team but also letting each player do what they need for their own part.

6. ELECTION India ensures the integrity of the electoral process in several ways: Election Commission : An independent body called the Election Commission of India oversees elections. It ensures fair and free elections by setting rules, monitoring campaigns, and handling any complaints. Voter Identification : Voters need to show identification, like a Voter ID card, to ensure only eligible people vote. Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) : India uses EVMs to make voting secure and reduce the chance of fraud. These machines are regularly tested and updated.

7. ELECTION Voter Lists : The Election Commission maintains updated voter lists to ensure only registered voters can cast their votes. Security : Security forces are deployed at polling stations to maintain order and prevent any illegal activities during voting. Transparency : The whole process, from voting to counting, is made transparent with observers, media coverage, and strict guidelines. Strict Laws : There are strict laws and penalties for electoral malpractices like bribery, impersonation, and voter intimidation.

8. Diverse Representation Reserved Seats : In the parliament and state assemblies, some seats are reserved for Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs), ensuring that these historically marginalized communities have a voice. Constituencies : The country is divided into constituencies in a way that reflects the diverse population, allowing different regions and communities to elect their representatives. Political Parties : Many political parties in India represent specific social, ethnic, and linguistic groups. This ensures that various interests and perspectives are included in the political process.

9. Diverse Representation Representation in Local Governments : Local bodies like Panchayats and Municipalities also have reserved seats for women, SCs, and STs, promoting grassroots representation . Commission for Minorities : Bodies like the National Commission for Minorities work to protect the rights of religious and linguistic minorities and ensure their representation in various government sectors.

10. Judicial Independence Separate Branch : The judiciary is a separate branch of government, independent from the executive (government) and the legislature (parliament ). Appointment Process : Judges of the higher courts (Supreme Court and High Courts) are appointed through a process involving the judiciary itself, minimizing political influence . Security of Tenure : Judges have security of tenure, meaning they can't be easily removed from office, protecting them from external pressures.

11. Judicial Independence Fixed Salaries : Judges' salaries and benefits are fixed and cannot be altered to their disadvantage, ensuring financial independence . Constitutional Role : The judiciary has the power to review laws and policies to ensure they comply with the Constitution. This is called judicial review . Contempt of Court : There are strict laws against contempt of court, protecting judges from undue influence and ensuring respect for judicial decisions.

12. Civil Society and Media Freedom of Speech : The Constitution guarantees freedom of speech and expression, allowing people to speak out against the government and share their opinions . Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) : Numerous NGOs work on various social issues, advocating for citizens' rights, environmental protection, education, and more. They help bring attention to important issues and hold the government accountable.

13. Civil Society and Media Free Press : India has a diverse and free media landscape, including newspapers, TV channels, radio stations, and online news portals. Journalists investigate and report on government actions, policies, and any misconduct . Public Debates : Media platforms and civil society organizations host debates, discussions, and forums where citizens can voice their opinions and engage in dialogue on important issues.

14. Civil Society and Media Free Press : India has a diverse and free media landscape, including newspapers, TV channels, radio stations, and online news portals. Journalists investigate and report on government actions, policies, and any misconduct . Public Debates : Media platforms and civil society organizations host debates, discussions, and forums where citizens can voice their opinions and engage in dialogue on important issues.

15. Civil Society and Media Right to Information (RTI) Act : This law allows citizens to request information from the government, promoting transparency and accountability . Judicial Support : The judiciary protects the rights of civil society and the press, ensuring they can operate freely without undue interference.

16. Challenges and Successes ?

17. ASSIGNMENT Research about the different Political Ideologies Characteristics of Ideologies