cat6ch45plant growth regulator and hormone.ppt

Biology

1. MSU Extension
Chapter 4Chapter 4
Plant Growth RegulatorsPlant Growth Regulators

2. MSU Extension
A plant growth regulator is a
chemical that alters a plant’s
vegetative growth or
reproductive characteristics.

3. MSU Extension
Growth RegulatorsGrowth Regulators

Anti- gibberellins or inhibitorsAnti- gibberellins or inhibitors
–inhibits production of hormone that
controls cell elongation

auxin typeauxin type
–similar to natural plant chemicals
2,4-D, dicamba
–growth regulators at sub lethal dose

4. MSU Extension
Growth regulators are
regulated by FIFRA as
pesticides. Handle
accordingly.

5. MSU Extension
Tree Growth RegulationTree Growth Regulation

Gibberellin inhibitors block cell Gibberellin inhibitors block cell
elongationelongation

Soil or trunk injectedSoil or trunk injected
–move in xylem to growth points

Activity depends on….Activity depends on….
– tree species
– application rate
– environmental conditions
– trimming severity

6. MSU Extension
Tree Growth RegulationTree Growth Regulation

Sprout inhibitorsSprout inhibitors
–incorporated into wound dressing
materials
–inhibit production of suckers or water
sprouts

7. MSU Extension
Roadside Turf RegulationRoadside Turf Regulation

Suppress seedhead Suppress seedhead
developmentdevelopment

Reduce growth…Reduce growth…
–for 2 to 6 weeks
–applied in spring before seedhead
formation
–treated turf is often darker green
–different grasses respond differently

8. MSU Extension
Broadleaf herbicides can
often be mixed with growth
regulators. Check labels
carefully.

9. MSU Extension
Roadside Turf RegulationRoadside Turf Regulation

Selecting & using regulators…Selecting & using regulators…
–results from the type of regulator
–rates vary by species
–timing affects results
–growth stage affects results
–environmental conditions impact
results

10. MSU Extension
Rates are crucial. Small
changes can have major
impacts. Read label
carefully.

11. MSU Extension
Chapter 5Chapter 5
Other Right- of- Way Other Right- of- Way
PestsPests

12. MSU Extension
PestsPests

Plants are the major right-of-way Plants are the major right-of-way
pests.pests.

Others could include...Others could include...
–insects
–diseases
–vertebrates

13. MSU Extension
Insect Pest ManagementInsect Pest Management

Insects can damage or destroy Insects can damage or destroy
desirable plantsdesirable plants
–sucking sap, defoliation, boring

To control insects, you should To control insects, you should
understand….understand….
–insect biology
–insect life cycles

14. MSU Extension
Periodically inspect for signs of insects
and symptoms of their damage.
Damaging insects have…
- chewing mouthparts
- piercing-sucking mouthparts

15. MSU Extension
Manage insects with the
principles of IPM.
Life cycles are important in
designing an IPM approach.

16. MSU Extension
MetamorphosisMetamorphosis

None, no changeNone, no change

GradualGradual
–young nymphs resemble adults and
feed in same habitat

CompleteComplete
–egg, larval, pupal, adult
–not all life stages may feed the same

17. MSU Extension
Early life stages…
- small larvae
- first nymphs
Are easier to control.

18. MSU Extension
Chewing MouthpartsChewing Mouthparts

Types of insectsTypes of insects
–grasshoppers, beetles, caterpillars,
borers, grubs

Signs of activity (damage)Signs of activity (damage)
–missing foliage, skeletonized foliage,
bore holes, frass, sawdust, dying
grass, no roots

19. MSU Extension
Piercing- sucking Piercing- sucking
MouthpartsMouthparts

Types of insectsTypes of insects
–aphids, scales, plant bugs, leaf
hoppers, * mites

Signs of activity (damage)Signs of activity (damage)
–honeydew, sooty mold, distorted
foliage, foam, encrustations
* not a true insect

20. MSU Extension
Insect Control MethodsInsect Control Methods

Host resistantHost resistant

Biological controlBiological control

Cultural controlCultural control

Mechanical controlMechanical control

SanitationSanitation

ChemicalChemical

21. MSU Extension
Many insects attack weakened
or stressed plants.
Healthy plants withstand pest
attacks.

22. MSU Extension
Plant selection is crucial for
reducing plant and pest
problems!

23. MSU Extension
Disease is any
departure from normal
plant growth..

24. MSU Extension
Causes of DiseaseCauses of Disease

VirusVirus

BacteriaBacteria

FungiFungi

Environmental factorsEnvironmental factors

Cultural practicesCultural practices

25. MSU Extension
Symptoms of DiseaseSymptoms of Disease

Over- developmentOver- development
–galls, swellings, leaf curls

Under- developmentUnder- development
–stunting, lack of chlorophyll,
incomplete development

Death of tissueDeath of tissue
–blights, leaf spots, wilting, cankers

26. MSU Extension
Remember, different
causes can produce the
same symptoms!
Healthy plants live longer!

27. MSU Extension
Avoiding using the same
spray equipment for
herbicides and pest
management.

28. MSU Extension
Pests in WoodPests in Wood

Wood structures can be invaded Wood structures can be invaded
and damaged by…and damaged by…
–insects
–fungi

To treat wood, you must be To treat wood, you must be
certified in category 2Acertified in category 2A

29. MSU Extension
Vertebrate PestsVertebrate Pests

Animals with a backboneAnimals with a backbone
–mice, rats, beavers, rabbits, deer,
woodchucks

For control, permits are required For control, permits are required
from MDNRfrom MDNR
–check before acting
–small rodents exempt

30. MSU Extension
Vertebrate ControlVertebrate Control

MechanicalMechanical
–traps

non- target hazard

SanitationSanitation

ChemicalChemical
–non- target hazard