Catchment area

This document describes catchment concept

1. Catchment Area development

2. Introduction
Water conservation methodologies is not just a recent technique but it is used from very past.
In India , right from 2500 years right from Satvahan era,various methods of water conservation
are practised
Many places in south India and certain parts of Western ghats,various tanks are carved for
water collection and storage
Many cities of the world are build near any river source.Human civilization is settled near water
source from thousands of years
With growth of population and limited water resources,there is a need to conserve water.
This slide describes about catchment areas

3. Objective of this presentation
To collect information on catchment areas
To know about small dam structures
To know about benefits of area coming
under catchment

4. Catchment Area
•Land is not leveled everywhere
•The topography consists of plain land and
mountains
•Rain water from mountain top of high land
flows on slopes
•This flowing water accumulates on a plain
area known as catchment

5. Size of Catchment Area
It can be small or big
It can be of 10 to 20 hectares or size
of river basin
♦

6. How to select a Catchment
•Catchment area consists of a river basin
or a source stream
•It can span huge area
•The size should not be small or too big
•Small catchment area is not benefitial for
storage
• It should be selected such that minimum
5 villages are benefitted

7. Objective of Catchment Area Development
•To make usage of land which is not in use
•To stop soil erosion
•To store rainwater which is wasted
•To bring maximum amount of area under
irrigation
•To promote plantation over barren lands
•To make available drinking water for all

8. What can be done under Catchment
Development ?
•Developing Contours in an level
•Developing a small dam
•Constructing small lake
•Constructing a Bund
•Leveling of land under catchment area
•Plantation of trees surrounding the area

9. Solutions through Catchment
Development
•Crop pattern according to category of land
•Intercropping
•Multiple Cropping
•Plantation on slopes
•Controlling water flow and floods
•Increased moisture of soil

10. Effects of Soil erosions
•Erosions occurring in steps
•Formation of stream
•Landslides
•Change in course of river flow
•Expanding of river banks
• Excavation of land due to water flow

11. Things to consider in Catchment
•Natural resources
•Wind, sunlight and vegetation types
•Local and social problems
•Topography of the area

12. Beneficiaries of catchment area
•Agriculture as well as barren lands
•Villagers
•Domestic animals and cattles
•Forested areas
•Areas under plantation

13. Causes of Soil Erosion
•Steep slopes
•Landslides
•Floods
•Uncontrolled Flow of water
Due to erosion, nutrients in soil is also lost
and the permeability of soil is also lost

14. Types of Structures
•Vasant bandhara type of dams
•Small check dams
•Gabian type check dams
•Lake
•Cemented bunding small dam
•Nala Bunding
•Contours marking
Images given in further slides

15. Contours

16. Vasant bandhara
•These types of small dams were built
during famine of 1972
•Useful for small streams flowing in village
•Foundation of hardly 2 feet or digging it till
a firm rock below ground
•Hardly 1.5 to 2 feet in height from
foundation base
•Image shown in next slide

17. •Vasant Bandhara

18. Check Dam on Slope

19. Nala Bunding
Water can be stored in
small amounts by the
nala bunding method
Useful for small villages
where there is a small
stream

20. Lake construction
Useful for
drought Prone
Areas.
Usually
Constructed
before rainy
season
U

21. Small Cemented dam