CATEGORIGAL IMPERATIVES AND DEONTOLOGICAL ETHICS.pptx

Ethics

1. CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVES AND DEONTOLOGICAL ETHICS IMMANUEL KANT

2. ETHICAL FRAMEWORKS Meta-Ethics studies the nature of morality Normative Ethics studies how man ought to act Applied Ethics Determines the ethically correct course of action

3. ETHICAL FRAMEWORKS Meta-Ethics Cognitivism and Non-cognitivism Universalism and Relativism Empiricism Rationalism Intuitionism

4. ETHICAL FRAMEWORKS Normative Ethics Deontological Ethics Consequentialism / Teleology Virtue Ethics

5. ETHICAL FRAMEWORKS Applied Ethics Bioethics Business Ethics Environmental Ethics Sexual Ethics Social Ethics

6. IMMANUEL KANT (1724 – 1804) 18 th century German phi losopher Founder of critical philos ophy Famous for his Categoric al Imperatives and the Criti que of Practical Reason His way of reasoning is a t par with Plato and Aristotle

7. Aristotle Eudaimonia (happiness) Thomas of Aquinas Beatitudo (happiness) Kant Good Will (happiness)

8. GOOD WILL “Nothing can possibly be conceived in the world which can be called good without qualifications, EXCEPT good will”.

9. GOOD Good will is not about “gifts of nature” nor qualities i.e., talents, intelligence, wit, courage, perseverance, liberality.

10. GOOD Good will is not about “gifts of fortune,” i.e., power, richness, honor, wealth, happiness.

11. GOOD Good will is good, not because of the effects or consequences.

12. GOOD Good will is still not good though it is done out of duty IF actions which are in accord with duty done out of inclination or self-interest.

13. IMMANUEL KANT (1724 – 1804) The Motive of Act Kantian Maxims Categorical Imperatives

14. MOTIVE OF ACTION The motive of an action is far more important than the action itself and its consequences.

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16. KANTIAN MAXIMS Verbal expressions of a moral agent’s reasons for acting.

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18. Categorical Imperatives Refers to the supreme principle of morality from which all our moral duties derived.

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20. Hypothetical Imperative Categorical Imperative I should return the money to the owner because I may be punished for keeping it Return the money I should not cheat during exam because cheating is punishable Do not cheat

21. Three Principles Universalizability Humanity as an End-in-itself Autonomy

22. Universalizability “act only on that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law” This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

23. Humanity as an End-in-itself “act as to treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of any other, in every case as an end-in-itself, not as means only” This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

24. Autonomy “act so that your will is what makes a universal law”

25. Autonomy If the teacher announces to the class that nobody should cheat during examination, and you follow or obey such pronouncement on the basis that your teacher imposes it, the act is not out of your own free will and lacks moral worth. Morality comes only from the decisions you make, and not from decisions that are made for you by others.