Catheter-Associated Unirary tract infection

lecture

1. National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic InfectiousDiseases
NHSN Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection
Surveillance2022
March2024

2. Objectives
2
We will discuss CAUTI surveillance. By the end of this lesson, you will
be ableto:
▪Apply UTI Protocol through CaseStudies
▪IdentifySummary

3. UTIBurden
3
▪2017 - 160,833 CAUTI
1
– 5.4 CAUTI/1000 discharges
▪5% Decrease of CAUTI from 2014 – 2017
1
▪Average cost of a HAI CAUTI: $13,793
1
▪UTI Ranks 5th HAI in the US
2
1AHRQ National Scorecard on Hospital-AcquiredConditions Updated Baseline Rates and Preliminary Results 2014-2017
2Multistate Point-Prevalence Survey of Health Care–Associated Infections. N Engl J Med 370;13 March 27,2014

4. Resources for thisdiscussion
▪CAUTI Surveillancehttps://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/psc/uti/index.html
–Patient Safety ComponentManual
•Chapter 2-Identifying HAI forNHSNSurveillance
•Chapter 7-Urinary Tract Infection(UTI)Event
•Chapter 16-NHSN KeyTerms
▪UTI Eventform
▪UTI Table ofInstructions
▪DenominatorForms
▪FAQs
4

5. Using the basics forUTI
IWP, DOE, RIT, SBAP . ..

6. Infection WindowPeriod
The first positive urine that is
used to meet the definition
alwayssets theIWP
6

7. Use only eligible UTIelements within
theIWP
UTIElements:
▪Urine culture
▪UTI signs/symptoms (s/s)OR
matching bloodorganism
Infection WindowPeriod
7

8. UTI Date of Event(DOE)
❑The DOE is the date the first elementused to meet an
NHSN site-specific infection criterion occurring for the first
time within the seven-day infection windowperiod
❑First element may be culture ORsign/symptom
8

9. UTI Repeat Infection Timeframe(RIT)
▪14-day timeframe; Date of event = Day1
▪No new UTIs are reported (specifically, SUTI,ABUTI)
▪Additional eligible pathogens from urine cultures are added to
theevent
▪Note the original date of event ismantained
▪Do not change device association during theRIT
▪Any UTI criterion sets an RIT and SBAP including POA events
and non-catheter-associatedevents
9

10. Secondary Blood Attribution Period(SBAP)
10
▪SBAPistheperiodinwhichabloodspecimenmustbecollected
forasecondarybloodstreaminfectiontobeattributedtoa
primarysiteinfection.
▪IncludestheIWPcombinedwiththeRIT.
▪Is 14-17 days in length dependinguponthedateofevent.

11. Two Scenarios applied toUTI
11
▪Scenario 1: At least one organism from the blood specimen matches an
organism identified from the site-specific infection (UTI) that is used as an
element to meet the NHSN site-specific infection criterion (UTI) and the blood
specimen is collected in the secondary BSI attribution period. (infection
window period + repeat infectiontimeframe).
OR
▪Scenario 2: An organism identified in the blood specimen is an element that is
used to meet the NHSN site-specific infection criterion(ABUTI), and therefore
is collected during the site-specific infection windowperiod.

12. Location ofAttribution
12
▪Location of attribution: inpatient location where the patient was assigned
on theDOE.
–Non-bedded patient locations, (for example, Operating Room
(OR) or Interventional Radiology (IR)) are not eligible for
assignment of location of attribution for HAIevents.
–Location of attribution must be assigned to a location where
denominator data (for example, patient days, device days) can be
collected.

13. Transfer Rule
13
▪RuleofTransfer:IfDOEisonthedateoftransferordischarge,orthenext
day,theinfectionisattributedtothetransferring/discharginglocation.
▪Ifthepatientwasinmultiplelocationswithinthetransferruletimeframe,
attributetheinfectiontothefirstlocationinwhichthepatientwashoused
thedaybeforetheinfection’sdateofevent.
▪Although the transfer rule does not apply to SSI or LabID events, facilities
should always share information of potential HAI events that may occur
before or following transfers betweenfacilities.

14. Site SpecificConcepts
NHSN Chapter7

15. Indwelling Urinary Catheter (IUC) Key
Concept
A drainage tube that is inserted into the urinary
bladder (includes neobladder) through the urethra, is
left in place, and is connected to a collectionsystem.
This includes a collection system that is used for
irrigation of any type or duration (e.g., intermittent,
continuous).
•Also called a Foleycatheter
15

16. Neobladder
16
▪Qualifies for CAUTI surveillance if an IUC inserted through
urethra
▪Made from one’s own smallintestine
▪Colonized with intestinalorganisms
▪NHSN definitions accounts for contamination of urinespecimens
–Culture is considered contaminated when more than 2
organisms areidentified.

17. Not an Indwelling UrinaryCatheter
Straight
catheterization
In and Out
catheterization
Condom catheter
(Texascatheter)
17

18. Unless an indwelling urethral catheter is also present,
the following do notqualify
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▪Suprapubiccatheter
▪Nephrostomytubes
▪Urostomy
▪Ileal Conduit
▪Perineal urethostomy
Urine from any of these sites can be used in the
determination of aUTI

19. Urine CultureClarification
1.Streak across plate
through themiddle.
2.Perpendicular streaks
across thefirst
3.Observe singlecolonies
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20. Urine CultureClarification
Excludedorganisms
▪Candida Species or yeast nototherwise specified,mold,
dimorphic fungi or parasites are excluded as organisms in the UTI definition
therefore blood with these organisms cannot be secondary toUTI
▪Candida auris is a yeast
Excluded organisms may be present inurine
▪Urine cultures with yeast can be used as long as there is one bacteriumwith
≥10
5
CFU/ml; no more than 2 organisms (for example, > 10
5
CFU/ml of E. coli
and > 10
5
CFU/ml of C.albicans)
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21. Urine CultureClarification
Unusable cultureresults
▪Urine cultures with > 2 organisms are regarded
as contaminated culturesand not used for NHSN UTIsurveillance
–for example, > 10
5
CFU/ml E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans = 3
organisms
▪Urine cultures including “mixed flora*” or equivalent such as “perineal
flora”, “vaginal flora”, “normal flora” cannot beused
–for example, > 10
5
CFU/ml of E. coli and perinealflora)
*The bacteria and other microorganisms that normally inhabit a bodilyorgan
orpart
21

22. Urine CultureClarification
▪Urine culture 75,000 –100,000 CFU/ml is noteligible
▪Organisms of same genus but different species = 2 organisms
(forexample, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonasfluorescens)
▪The same organism with different antimicrobial susceptibilities = 1 organism
(for example, MRSA andMSSA)
▪IWP is set on the urine specimen collection datenot specimen resultdate
▪Do not add multiple urine cultures together (for example, March 1 urine
positive for 2 organisms and March 2 urine positive for 1 organism would not
be combined to make this an excluded culture due to > 2organisms)
▪Use urine collected from any body location (for example, nephrostomy,
suprapubiccatheter)
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23. NHSN Chapter7
UTIProtocol/Criterion

24. Urinary Tract InfectionDefinitions
There are two specific types ofUTI:
•Symptomatic UTI(SUTI)
•Asymptomatic Bacteremic UTI(ABUTI)
24
Bothtypes, if catheter-associated, must be reported as part of
any CMS CAUTI reporting requirements!

25. SUTI 1a: Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) Criteria
(Any Age)Patient must meet 1, 2, and3below:
1.Patient had an indwelling urinary catheter (IUC) that had been in place for more than 2
consecutive days in an inpatient location on the date of event AND waseither:
•Present for any portion of the calendar day on the date of event OR
•Removed the day before the date ofevent
2.Patient has at least one of the following signs orsymptoms:
•Fever (>38.0°C)
•Suprapubictenderness*
•Costovertebral angle pain or tenderness*
•Urinary urgency^
•Urinaryfrequency^
•Dysuria^
3.Patient has a urine culture with no more than two species of organisms identified, atleast
one of which is a bacterium of ≥10
5 CFU/ml
All elements of the UTI criterion must occur during theIWP
^These symptoms cannot be used
when catheter is inplace
*No other recognizedcause
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26. SUTI 1b: Non-Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infection (Non-CAUTI)
(Any Age)Patient must meet 1, 2, and3below:
1.One of the following istrue:
•Patient has/had an indwelling urinary catheter, but it has/had not been in place for
more than 2 consecutive days in an inpatient location on the date ofevent
OR
•Patient did not have a urinary catheter in place on the date of event nor the day
before the date ofevent
2.Patient has at least oneof the following signs orsymptoms:
•Fever(>38.0C)
•Suprapubictenderness*
•Costovertebral angle pain or tenderness*
•Urinary urgency^
•Urinaryfrequency^
•Dysuria^
3.Patient has a urine culture with no more than two species of organismsidentified,
at least one of which is a bacterium of ≥10
5CFU/ml
All elements of the UTI criterion must occur during theIWP
^These symptoms cannot be
used when catheter is inplace
*No other recognizedcause
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27. KnowledgeCheck
27
DateDetails
3/25Patient admitted to Acute Care hospital for
trauma; IUC inserted
3/26IUC in place
3/27IUC in place
3/28IUC discontinued early morning, @ noon
complained of urinaryfrequency
3/29Nofever
3/30Elevatedwbc’s
3/31Positive urine culture with 10
5
CFU/ml Ecoli
The Patient’s
complaint of
urinary frequency
on 3/28 is after
the IUC was
removed, so can
be used to meet
SUTI.
True orFalse

28. SUTI 1a Example
Patient has anCAUTI
▪3/31 Positive urine culture sets the
(IWP): 3/28 –4/3.
▪The 3/28 urinary frequency is first
elementto occur within the IWP
therefore is the date of event.
▪The IUC was in place > 2 dayson the
date of event = CAUTI,HAI.
28

29. SUTI 2: CAUTI or Non-CAUTI in patients 1 year of age orless
Patient must meet 1, 2, and3below:
1.Patient is ≤1 year of age (with or without an indwelling urinarycatheter)
2.Patient has at least one of the following signs orsymptoms:
3.Patient has a urine culture with no more than two species of organisms
identified, at least one of which is a bacterium of ≥10
5
CFU/ml
•Fever(>38°C)
•Hypothermia(<36.0°C)
•Apnea*
•Bradycardia*
•Lethargy*
•Vomiting*
•Suprapubictenderness*
All elements of the UTI criterion must occur during theIWP
*No other recognizedcause
29

30. SUTI 2Example
This meets cathete-rassociated SUTI 2, date of event 1/27, pathogen E.coli
DateDetails
12/232 month-old admitted for diarrhea;
IUCinserted
12/27Patient vomits x2
12/28Urine culture is positive for E. coli 10
5
CFU/ml
30

31. Asymptomatic Bacteremic Urinary Tract Infection (ABUTI)(Any Age)
Patient must meet 1, 2, and3below:
1.Patient with or without an indwelling urinary catheter has no signs orsymptoms of
SUTI 1 or 2 according toage
2.Patient has a urine culture with no more than two species of organisms
identified, at least one of which is a bacterium of ≥10
5 FU/ml
3.Patient has organism identified from blood specimen with at least one matching
bacterium to the bacterium identified in the urine specimen OR meets LCBI
criterion 2 (without fever) and matching common commensal(s) in theurine.
All elements of the ABUTI criterion must occur during theIWP
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32. ABUTI
Note:Catheter-associatedABUTI is
reportable IF CAUTI is selected in the
monthly reporting plan for thislocation.
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33. Asymptomatic Bacteremic UTI (ABUTI)Example
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Date Details
2/20 Patient admit for MI, IUCinserted
2/21-23No UTI signs/symptoms(s/s)
2/24 Elevated wbc’s, No UTI s/s, Positive bloodwith
S. aureus and positive urine culture with > 10
5
CFU/ml S.aureus
2/25-27No UTIs/s
2/28 IUC removed, Discharged tohome

34. ABUTIExample
▪2/24 urine culture sets the
IWP: 2/21 –2/27.
▪No UTI s/s however matching
blood organism withinIWP.
▪Meets ABUTI, DOE 2/24.
▪IUC in place > 2 days on DOE
therefore catheter-associated.
The matching blood organism is
secondary.
Catheter-associated ABUTI is reportable if the location is in the facility reportingplan
Date SBAP RIT Infection WindowPeriod
Feb 20Admit IUCinserted
Feb21 no UTIsigns/symptoms
Feb22 no UTIsigns/symptoms
Feb23 no UTIsigns/symptoms
Feb24
DOE
1 Blood culture:S.aureus,
Urine culture 10
5
CFU/mlS.aureus
no UTI signs/symptoms
IUCremoved
Feb25 2 no UTIsigns/symptoms
Feb26 3 no UTIsigns/symptoms
Feb27 4 no UTIsigns/symptoms
Feb28 5 IUC removed, Discharged tohome
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35. CommonMistakes

36. Common Misapplications of theProtocol
36
1.UTI as secondaryinfection
2.Positive culture on admission automatically = Present on Admission(POA)
3.UTI signs or symptoms such as fever on admission automatically =POA

37. #1:
UTI as secondaryinfection-Never
NOTE: UTI is a primary site of infection and cannot be considered
secondary to another site ofinfection
When a patient meets CAUTI and the same organism is identified in a burn wound
culture these are considered 2 sites ofinfection
When a patient meets PNEU event, a CAUTI cannot be classified as a secondary infection
even though the same organism isidentified
A patient can have 2 different sites ofinfection
Device-associated Module UTI page7-2
37

38. #2:
▪1/2 Positive urine culture during the POA timeframe without
UTI signs or symptoms nor matching blood organism in the
IWP is notan event; therefore this does not meetPOA.
▪1/9 Positive urine culture sets the IWP: 1/6–1/12.
▪1/10 fever occurs in the IWP, and is used to meet SUTI,
DOE1/9.
▪The IUC was in place > 2 days on the DOE therefore meets
SUTI 1a: CAUTI which isHAI.
Positive urine culture on admit =POA-NO
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39. #3:
▪The 3/11 urine culture sets the IWP:
3/8 –3/14
▪The 3/10 fever > 38
0
C can beused
because it occurs in the IWP
▪This meets CAUTI, DOE3/10
▪Cannot use the 3/1 fever > 38
0
C
because it does not occur in theIWP
UTI signs or symptomson
admission =POA-NO
39

40. CaseStudies

41. Steps in Investigating a Positive Urine Culture as PossibleCAUTI
1.Determine the date of the urine culturecollection.
2.From the date of the urine culture determine the 7-dayIWP:
3daysbeforetheurineculture,thedayoftheurinecultureand3daysafterforatotalof7days.
3.Determine if all of the elements of the UTI are met during the IWP. If yes, there is an infection
event. If no, there is noevent.
4.NextdeterminetheDOE:thedatethatthefirstelementoccursforthefirsttimewithintheIWP.
5.IstheDOEinthePOAtimeperiod?Ifyes,theinfectionisPOA,ifno,itisanHAI.
(POA time period is defined as the day of admission to an inpatient location, the 2 days before
admission, and the calendar day afteradmission)
6.Next(ifappropriate)determineiftheHAIisdevice-associated,i.e.CAUTI.IftheDOEoccurredonor
aftercalendarday3ofdeviceuseinaninpatientlocation,andthedevicewasinplaceonthatday
orthedaybefore,theHAIisdevice-associated.
41

42. DATE Infection WindowPeriod
2/2ED Patient female 35 years of age IUC
inserted
2/3ADMIT Fever100.9
0FIUC day#1
2/4 Fever100.8
0FIUC day#2
2/5 urine culture: CNS 10
5CFU/ml
IUC day#3
2/6 -
2/7 -
2/8 -
2/9 -
42
•Determine theIWP
•What is theDOE?
•Is this event catheterassociated?
•Is this event POA orHAI?
•What is theRIT?
•What is theSBAP?
Applying the basics: Case1

43. Rationale and Determination: Case1
▪The 2/5 Positive urine culture sets the
IWP: 2/2 - 2/8.
▪The 2/3 fever is the first element to occur
within the IWP therefore is theDOE;
–RIT = 2/3-2/16; SBAP =2/3-2/16
▪Is this POA or HAI. It is Present on admit
since the DOE was on hospital day1.
▪The IUC was not in place > 2 days in the
inpatient location on the DOE therefore
meets SUTI 1b: Non-Catheter-Associated
UTI, and a UTI RIT and SBAP isset
Meets SUTI 1b: Non-Catheter-AssociatedUTI
43

44. Transfer Rule: Case2
44
Date Details
2/2 Patient 75 years old seen in ED, IUCinserted
2/3 Admitted to Critical Care (CC) Temperature100.2°F
2/4 Temperature100.1°F
2/5 Urine culture collected and positive for 100,000CFU/ml
E. coli, Temperature 100.2F. Transferred to Medicalunit
2/6 Fever100.8
2/15 IUC removed, Discharged tohome

45. Rationale and Determination: Case2
▪The 2/5 positive urine culture sets IWP: 2/2 –
2/8.
▪The temps 2/3 and 2/4 are < 100.4F,
cannot be used to meetUTI.
▪There is a fever on 2/6 completing the criterion.
▪DOE is therefore the 2/5 as the culture
was the first element to occur for thefirst
time within theIWP.
▪IUC was in place > 2 consecutive day in an inpatient
unit =CAUTI
▪Location of attribution (LOA) =CC
45

46. Summary
46
▪Reviewed the 2022 UTI Protocol, key concepts and commonmistakes
▪Remember
‒Positive urine culture OR UTI s/s on admission does not automatically meetPOA
‒UTI is a primary site of infection; cannot be secondary to another site ofinfection
▪Identified how to count urinary catheter days to determine infection association
‒Catheter count begins on day of insertion and if IUC in place in place prior to
admission, begins with admission date to the first inpatientlocation
▪Applied basic concepts using case studies including theCOVID-19 Yes/No
required, new for2022