Causes, Effect And Consequences Of Deforestation

Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas to non-forest land for use such as arable land, pasture, urban use, logged area, or wasteland. Generally, the removal or destruction of significant areas of forest cover has resulted in a degraded environment with reduced biodiversity.

1. Causes, Effect And Consequences Of Deforestation Presented By : Zainab Arshad BS Hons, Environmental Sciences University Of Gujrat, Pakistan

2. Content Study aims to… Deforestation Pakistan forest Area Forests in our Life Causes of Deforestation Effects of Deforestation Consequences of Deforestation Study Area Objectives Methodology Main species Physical Environment of Study Area Impacts on Physical Environment Revenue generate from tree cutting Suggestion / Recommendation. Conclusion References

3. Studty aims to… Emphasize “deforestation” as a global environmental problem. Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas to non-forest land for use such as arable land, pasture, urban use, logged area, or wasteland. Generally, the removal or destruction of significant areas of forest cover has resulted in a degraded environment with reduced biodiversity.

4. Deforestation Results from removal of trees without sufficient reforestation, and results in declines in habitat and biodiversity, wood for fuel and industrial use, and quality of life. Deforestation is one of the major environmental problems that the world is facing.

5. Pakistan Forest Area Pakistan has 4.2 million ha of forest and planted trees, which equates to 4.8 percent of the total land area. 40% percent of the forest area comprises coniferous and scrub forest in the northern hills and mountains. We lose 147 plants and aminals due to deforestation. Forest cover over 30% of total land area. Over half the world timber and 72% of paper is consumed by 20% of world population.

6. Forests In Our Life Forests impact our daily lives in more ways than we can imagine. Human beings are heavily dependent on forests and the products and services they provide. Forests provide habitats to diverse animal species; they form the source of livelihood for many different human settlements; they offer watershed protection, timber and non-timber products, various recreational options; they prevent soil erosion, help in maintaining the water cycle, and check global warming by using carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.

7. Causes Of Deforestation One of the main reasons being the short-term economic benefits. Corruption at the government institutions, wealth and power due to harvesting of the riches of the forest, population growth and urbanization are some of the common causes.

8. Factor Involve In Causes Of Deforestation Urban Construction Timber Harvesting Agriculture Grazing Land Used for Fuel Commercial Purposes Illegal Logging Expansion of Agriculture Shifting Cultivation Fire Wood Collection

9. Effects Of Deforestation There are a number of adverse effects, that include environmental and economical. Some of these effects are discussed below: Erosion of Soil Disruption of the Water Cycle Loss of Biodiversity Flooding and Drought

10. Consequences Of Deforestation The most dramatic impact is a loss of habitat for millions of species. Deforestation also drives climate change. Forest soils are moist, but without protection from sun-blocking tree cover, they quickly dry out. Deforestation leads to more extreme temperature swings that can be harmful to plants and animals. Fewer forests means larger amounts of greenhouse gases entering the atmosphere and increased speed and severity of global warming. Not only do animals lose their homes, but humans dependent on the local ecology are also affected. The water cycle gets disturbed leading to floods and droughts. People dependent on the forests for their survival lose their livelihood. Global warming is another problem looming over our heads.

11. Study Area The study area is Rakh Pabbi Forest, Kharian The forest is spread over 38,000 acre land located between Kharian and Sara- i - Alamgir . The administration on Monday, February 14th, 2016 `sealed at least 14 firewood depots and confiscated stolen wood worth Rs . 2 million in the areas surrounding the forest of Rakh Pabbi Sarkar. According to a report, had some 60 to 70 such depots. Published in Dawn, February 19th, 2016

12. Objectives To inform the local community to the importance of having trees. To raise awareness that people not cutting off the trees for development project by cleaning, To ensure that planting trees provide education to the local surrounds to make sure that they know the importance of conserving the environment for the presents and features generations. To identify the socioeconomic effect of tree cutting.

13. Methodology Collection secondary data. Documentation of secondary data and defining the Environment. Used the journal research to illustrate the impact of tree cutting in Rakh Pabbi Forest on environment and on socio-economic. Reveal the tree cutting effect on physical environment, human and economic. The methodology may include publication research, interviews, surveys and include both present and historical information.

14. Physical Environment Of Study Area Climate Temperature Wind Rainfall Humidity Soil Type Air Quality

15. Main Species The main species of Rakh Pibbi forest are Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo, 70 percent), Zizyphus jujuba (15 percent) Deodar (Cedrus deodara, 12 percent), Sufeda (Eucalyptus camaldulensis, 7 percent), fir (Abies pindrow, 5 percent), Poplar (Populus deltoids, 3 percent) and Babul (Acacia nilotica, 3 percent). Cassia Fistula ( Amaltas ). In 1992, FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) estimated rural wood consumption for fire wood at 3.7 m3 per 1000 capita.

16. Impacts On Physical Environment Impact on Temperature Rainfall Impact on soil Impact On Water Environment Impact on Public Health Financial impact

17. Revenue Generate From Tree Cutting Forestry sector contributes only 0.3 percent to GNP. Between 1996 and 2000, on average, 31.66 million m3 of round wood and 2.35 million m3 of industrial roundwood were produced annually from state forests and farmlands. A further 532 000 m3 of industrial roundwood was imported annually to meet national demand. Forests supply 32 percent of Pakistan’s total energy needs in the form of fuelwood .

18. Suggestion / Recommendation Make our factories more cleaner and monitor their emissions. Develop better ways of farming Forest management and strict monitoring of tree cutting should be carried. Reforestation of lost areas and following sustainable practices will help us balance our green cover. The cutting that does occur should be balanced by planting young trees to replace older trees felled. Economically feasible techniques should be formed to tackle tree cutting problems.

19. Conclusion Remember, trees give us life, without them it will be impossible to sustain life. The destruction of healthy forest systems causes so many different problems. Trees provide a habitat for animals, purify water sources, control flooding and erosion and help to replenish the soil with nutrients needed for farming. It is important to note that planted forests are very different from original forest cover in terms of species composition, so should be encourage the plantation. Economic globalization combined with the looming global land scarcity increases the complexity of future pathways of land use change. The apparent tradeoff between forest and agriculture can be minimized through spatial management and the use of degraded or low competition lands.

20. References Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), The Global Forest Assessment 2000 (Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization, Committee on Forestry, 2000 FAO, The Global Forest Assessment 2000. Agbu P A and James M E 1994 The NOAA/NASA Pathfinder AVHRR Land Data Set Users’ Manual (Greenbelt, MD: Goddard Distribution Active Archive Center Publications, GCDG) Asner G P 2001 Cloud cover in Landsat observations of the Brazilian Amazon Int. J. Remote Sens. 22 3855-62 FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) 2006 Global forest resources assessment 2005-main report FAO Forestry Paper No. 147 (Rome: FAO)